从美国哥伦布日总统公告看美国政治走向  

On the Political Direction of the United States with the Presidential Proclamation on the Columbus Day

作　　者：张欣 Zhang Xin(School of International Studies,National University of Defense Technology,Nanjing 210039)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学外国语学院,南京210039

出　　处：《西部学刊》2024年第16期31-35,共5页Journal of Western

摘　　要：近百年来,以美国历届总统在哥伦布日发布的公告为代表,美国政府赋予哥伦布个人形象及哥伦布日的纪念意义不同的诠释。二战期间公告中赞扬他的勇气、信念、远见和对美洲的贡献,同时对推翻法西斯统治的意大利人民表达敬意;里根总统期间强调美国与墨西哥共享西班牙的贡献,有美国以联盟、国际机制和自由主义规范重构国际关系的考虑;在20世纪90年代增添了颂扬美国原住民的丰富遗产以及美国作为移民国家优势的内容。21世纪初期,奥巴马在公告中承认美国原住民社区曾遭受巨大苦难,强调美国文化和种族的多元性。从哥伦布日纪念意义的转向看美国政治走向:(一)哥伦布日的意义重构符合美式实用主义哲学;(二)美国社会在哥伦布日上存在巨大分歧;(三)美国两党之间再也难容“中间派”,社会日益极化。In the past century,the U.S.government attaches different interpretations to the personal image of Columbus and the commemorative significance of the Columbus Day,as is shown in the proclamations made by successive U.S.presidents on the Columbus Day.Proclamations during the World WarⅡexpressed praise for his courage,faith,vision,and contributions to Americas,and respect for the Italian can also be found,who overthrew fascism.The proclamations during the presidency of Reagan emphasized American shared contribution with Mexico to Spain,considering its reconstruction of international relations through alliances,international mechanism and liberal norms.In 1990s,the praise for the rich heritage of native American and the advantage of the U.S.as an immigrant country were added.In the early 2000s,hardships native American used to suffer were acknowledged and the diversity of American culture and race was emphasized in Obama proclamations.Then the political direction of the U.S.can be analyzed with the shift in commemorative significance of the Columbus Day:(1)the significance reconstruction of the Columbus Day conforms to American pragmatism;(2)there is a severe controversy over the Columbus Day in American society;(3)the polarization of society is increasing as the two parties in the U.S.can no longer tolerate the“centrists”.

关 键 词：哥伦布 哥伦布日 总统公告 两党政治 

分 类 号：K712.3[历史地理—历史学] D73[历史地理—世界史] D77[政治法律—政治学]