活蛹缫丝对家蚕综合经济性状的影响  

Effects of Live Cocoon Reeling on Comprehensive Economic Characters of Silkworm

作　　者：胡春梅[1] 张智勇 粟思源 刘俊凤[1] 张锦川 肖文福[1] 刘彬斌[1] HU Chunmei;ZHANG Zhiyong;SU Siyuan;LIU Junfeng;ZHANG Jinchuan;XIAO Wenfu;LIU Binbin(Sericultural Institute/Special Economic Animal and Plant Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchong,Sichuan 637000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院蚕业研究所/特种经济动植物研究所,四川南充637000

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2024年第7期53-62,共10页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家蚕桑产业技术体系项目(CARS-18);四川省“十四五”农作物及家畜育种攻关项目“突破性蚕桑麻育种材料和方法创新及新品种选育”(2021YFY20024);四川省农业科学院“1+9”揭榜挂帅科技攻关项目(1+9KJGG004);四川蚕桑创新团队项目“特种蚕品种资源与遗传育种研究岗位”(sccxtd-2023-17)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明活蛹缫丝对家蚕杂交组合及其亲本的健康性、茧丝质量、品种特性等综合经济性状的影响,为家蚕新材料的创制、筛选和固定以及突破性新蚕品种的定向培育提供理论依据。【方法】2019—2022年,以亲本造A和兰B为试验材料,连续4代对亲本进行活蛹缫丝试验并进行继代保育,同时随代制备杂交组合,以未进行活蛹缫丝的亲本和杂交组合为对照,调查龄期经过、四龄病小蚕数量、产茧量、全茧量、茧层量,观测茧形情况并分粒计数、缫丝茧个体重量和范围、切断、纇节、丝长、丝干重,调查母蛾产卵量、不良卵粒数及孵化情况。【结果】活蛹缫丝亲本(造A和兰B)饲育成绩中结茧率、虫蛹率和全茧量3项指标与对照差异显著(P<0.05),部分指标的提升与饲育季节相关。亲本的纇节与切断次数随活蛹缫丝不断深入而逐代明显减少,茧丝长度明显增长。活蛹缫丝导致亲本的产卵量减少,产附变差。产卵量变化在亲本间及亲本与对照间差异均显著(P<0.05)。杂交组合(造A×兰B)饲育指标中发育经过(五龄和全龄经过)、普茧率和结茧率与对照无显著差异,健蛹率较对照有一定增加,万头蚕产茧量较对照有不同程度减少;全茧量和茧层率因季节呈动态变化,总平均与对照基本持平;万头蚕产茧量和虫蛹率与对照差异显著(P<0.05)。杂交组合缫丝成绩中清洁和净度与对照无差别,上车茧率和解舒率随活蛹缫丝不断深入而逐代提高,茧丝长、茧丝纤度和万米吊糙呈动态变化,总平均与对照基本持平;茧丝长和解舒率2项指标与对照差异显著(P<0.05)。【结论】经活蛹缫丝处理亲本(造A和兰B)的纇节与切断次数随缫丝不断深入而逐代明显减少,茧丝长明显增长,普茧率和茧层率与对照基本持平。亲本结茧率和健蛹率较对照均有不同程度提高,结茧率造A和兰B春季分别提升3.69%和3.76%,秋季分�【Objective】The effects of live cocoon reeling on health,cocoon silk quality,variety characteristics and other comprehensive economic traits of silkworm parents and their hybrid combinations were explored,so as to provide the theoretical basis for the creation,screening and fixation of new materials and the targeted cultivation of new varieties.【Method】From 2019 to 2022,by taking parents ZaoA and LanB as experimental materials,live cocoon reeling experiments were conducted.Four consecutive generations of parents were subjected to live cocoon reeling experiments and subculture conservation was carried out.At the same time,hybrid combination(ZaoA×LanB)were prepared each generation and the parents and hybrid combination(ZaoA×LanB)without live cocoon reeling were used as controls.The age duration,number of diseased 4-instar silkworms,cocoon production,whole cocoon weight and cocoon shell weight were investigated.The cocoon shape,separation count,individual weight and range of live pupal silk reeling cocoons,cutting,knots,silk length and dry weight were observed.The egg amount,abnormal egg amount and hatching status of female moths were investigated.【Result】There were significant differences(P<0.05)in cocoon formation rate,larvapupa rate and whole cocoon weight of the parents(ZaoA and LanB)treated with live cocoon reeling and the control group.The improvement of some indicators were related to the feeding season.The knots and cutting times of the parents decreased significantly with the continuous generation of live cocoon reeling,while the cocoon silk length increased significantly.Live cocoon reeling led to a decrease in egg production and poorer egg-attachment of parents.There were significant differences(P<0.05)in egg production between parents and between parents and control.There was no obvious difference in the development duration(fifth and full age duration),common cocoon rate and cocoon formation rate of hybrid combination(ZaoA×LanB)and the control group.The survival rate of pupae increased cer

关 键 词：家蚕 活蛹缫丝 结茧率 健康性 茧丝品种 品种特性 综合经济性状 

分 类 号：S882[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]