化肥与腐秆剂施用对秸秆还田下水稻土肥力和水稻产量的影响  

Effects of Chemical Fertilizer and Straw-decomposing Microbial Inoculant Application on Soil Nutrients of Paddy Soil and Rice Yield under Straw Returning

作　　者：王时聪 茆一钒 张旋旋 王珂 李宇慧 王擎运 柳开楼 马超 WANG Shicong;MAO Yifan;ZHANG Xuanxuan;WANG Ke;LI Yuhui;WANG Qingyun;LIU Kailou;MA Chao(Yangling Vocational and Technical College,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;School of Resources and Environment,Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Province,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei,Anhui 230036,China;Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil and Germplasm Resources/Key Laboratory of Acidified Soil Amelioration and Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,P.R.China,Jinxian,Jiangxi 331717,China)

机构地区：[1]杨凌职业技术学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室,安徽合肥230036 [3]江西省红壤及种质资源研究所,农业农村部酸化土改良与利用重点实验室,江西进贤331717

出　　处：《陕西农业科学》2024年第7期98-102,共5页Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：安徽省重点研究与开发计划项目(2023n06020056);安徽省地质公益项目(2021-g-2-4);江西省双千计划项目(jxsq2020102116);杨凌职业技术学院自然科学研究基金项目(ZK22-52)。

摘　　要：为探明秸秆还田条件下,化肥和腐秆剂对土壤肥力和作物产量的影响,本研究选用在安徽省霍邱县麦稻轮作区的秸秆促腐还田定位试验,对比了秸秆完全破碎直接还田(S)、秸秆完全破碎直接还田+NPK优化施肥(SF),秸秆完全破碎直接还田+腐秆剂(SD)、秸秆完全破碎直接还田+NPK优化施肥+腐秆剂(SFD)处理后土壤活性有机碳库水平、土壤养分含量和作物产量的状况。研究结果显示:与对照S处理相比,仅SFD处理显著提高了土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳、碳库指数、土壤速效磷、速效钾和水稻产量,增幅分别为38.12%、38.47%、40.63%、55.38%、24.73%和439.44%(P<0.05);水稻产量与活性有机碳、碱解氮、速效磷之间呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与总有机碳、速效钾之间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。腐秆剂是培肥增产的关键因子,腐秆剂的促腐效果需在化肥施用后才能得以充分发挥,化肥与腐秆剂同时施用能最大化提升土壤肥力,并增加水稻产量。To clarify the effects of chemical fertilizer and straw-decomposing microbial inoculant(SDMI)on soil nutrients and crop yield in the context of straw returning,a stationary field experiment was conducted in the Huoqiu region of Anhui province,China.This study investigated a wheat-rice crop rotation system under four treatments:straw alone(S),straw with chemical fertilizer(SF),straw with SDMI(SD),and straw with chemical fertilizer and SDMI(SFD).The results showed that compared with the control treatment(S),treatment SFD significantly increased soil total organic C,labile organic C,CPI,available P,available K,and rice yield by 38.12%,38.47%,40.63%,55.38%,24.73%,and 439.44%,respectively(P<0.05).Furthermore,there was a significant positive correlation(P<0.05)between rice yield and labile organic carbon,available nitrogen,and available phosphorus,as well as a highly significant positive correlation(P<0.01)between rice yield and total organic carbon and available potassium.These findings suggest that SDMI is a crucial factor in enhancing soil nutrient levels and increasing rice yield.The effectiveness of SDMI in promoting decay is fully realized only when combined with chemical fertilizers.Therefore,the application of chemical fertilizers and SDMI is recommended to maximize soil fertility improvement and rice yield enhancement.

关 键 词：腐秆剂 化肥 土壤有机碳 水稻产量 沿淮地区 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学]