网络平台不作为的刑事归责:理据、路径及限度  

Criminal Imputation Against Online Platform Inanction:Reasons,Paths,and Limits

作　　者：周杰[1] ZHOU Jie

机构地区：[1]苏州大学王健法学院,苏州215006

出　　处：《上海交通大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第7期98-117,共20页Journal of Shanghai Jiao tong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目“跨国网络行动的国家责任问题研究”(17YJC820070)。

摘　　要：网络平台能够精确匹配供需,迅速提高社会资源的配置效率,对我国社会经济的发展作出了重要贡献。但一系列案件显示,网络平台不作为与重大法益侵害之间具有因果关系。不能以“中立帮助行为论”否定网络平台不作为的刑事不法性。具有作为义务是平台成立不作为犯的前提条件,作为义务在实质上来源于行为人对“结果发生原因的支配”。网络平台作为义务的内容在相关法律法规中已有明确体现,但形式上的义务必须接受实质义务论的检验。对于网络平台的故意不作为,存在正犯与共犯两种归责路径,正犯归责的法律门槛较高,在绝大多数情况下都应从共犯角度考察其刑事责任。帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪并非立法上对帮助行为的正犯化,按照该罪对网络平台不作为进行定性仍然是对共犯归责路径的延续。具有间接帮助性质的平台不作为也应被纳入刑法的打击范围。网络平台的过失不作为不可能成立刑事犯罪。Online platforms can precisely match supply and demand,rapidly improve the efficiency of social resource allocation,and make important contributions to the development of China s social economy.However,a series of cases show that there is a causal relationship between the inaction of online platforms and the infringement of major legal interests.The theory of“neutral helping behavior”should not be used to deny the criminality of online platform inaction.Having the duty of conduct is the prerequisite for the establishment of the crime of omission of platforms.In essence,the obligation comes from the“domination to the cause of the result”.The content of online platforms as an obligation has been clearly stipulated in the relevant administrative laws and regulations,but the formal obligation must be tested by the substantive deontology.There are two imputation paths against intentional inaction of online platform:the principal and the accomplice.The legal threshold of imputation to principal offender is high.In most cases,the criminal responsibility of platforms should be investigated from the perspective of accomplice.The crime of helping information network criminal activities is not a criminalization of aiding behavior in legislation,the imputation of platform inaction according to this crime is still a continuation of the path of joint liability for accomplice.Platform inaction with the nature of indirect assistance can also be included in the scope of this crime.It is impossible for an online platform to be convicted a crime of inaction due to its negligence.

关 键 词：网络平台 不真正不作为犯 中立帮助行为 结果原因支配说 最小从属性说 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]