建造过程中大型复杂船舶火灾危险性的模拟研究  

Simulation Study on the Fire Hazard of Large Complex Ships During Construction

作　　者：蒋秋军 朱军 王奥成 王亦田 谢启苗 JIANG Qiujun;ZHU Jun;WANG Aocheng;WANG Yitian;XIE Qimiao(Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipbuilding Co.,LTD,Shanghai 200137,China;College of Marine Science and Engineering,Shanghai Maritime University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海外高桥造船有限公司,上海200137 [2]上海海事大学海洋科学与工程学院,上海201306

出　　处：《安全》2024年第7期61-67,共7页Safety & Security

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(71503166);中国博士后科学基金(2021M690851)。

摘　　要：为分析大型复杂船舶建造过程中的火灾危险性,保障施工过程中人员和设备的安全,以客滚船居住甲板为研究对象,基于火灾动力学模拟软件模拟其驾驶室和走道火灾工况,分析烟气能见度、温度和CO浓度的变化规律,确定可用安全疏散时间(ASET)。结果表明:驾驶室和走道火灾工况下烟气能见度随时间的增加而迅速降低,烟气温度和CO浓度随时间的增加而增加。对居住甲板火灾的可用安全疏散时间而言,能见度的影响最为关键;驾驶室和走道火灾工况下人员可用安全疏散时间的最小值分别为91.8和48.6s;火源位置和火灾规模对居住甲板的火灾危险性影响较为显著。建议在施工过程中严格控制火灾荷载,及时安装火灾探测报警器和灭火装置。研究结果可为大型复杂船舶火灾的危险性分析提供理论依据和技术支撑,进而提升船舶建造过程中的消防安全等级。In order to analyze the fire hazard during the building of large and complex ships and ensure the safety of workers and equipment,The residential deck of a ro-ro passenger ship was taken as the research object,fire scenarios in the driving cab and corridor were simulated by the fire dynamics simulation software.The changing rules of visibility,temperature and CO concentration were analyzed,and the available safe egress time(ASET)were determined.The results show that the visibility rapidly decreases with the time under the driving cab and corridor fire scenarios,while smoke temperature and CO concentration rapidly increase with the time.For the ASET of residential deck fires,the visibility is the most critical influencing factor.The minimum ASET are 91.8s and 48.6s under driving cab and corridor fire scenarios,respectively.The residential deck fire hazard is affected significantly by the fire location and fire size.It is suggested to strictly control the fire load and timely install fire alarm equipment and fire-extinguishing apparatus.The research results can provide theoretical basis and technical support for the fire risk analysis of large and complex ships and improve fire safety level during the ship building process.

关 键 词：大型船舶 火灾 火灾动力学模拟软件(FDS) 危险分析 可用安全疏散时间(ASET) 

分 类 号：X913.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学]