制动梁端轴除锈机空化射流喷嘴特性分析与试验  

Characteristic Analysis and Experiment of the Cavitation Nozzle of the Brake Beam End Shaft Cavitation Jet Rust Remover

作　　者：任帅 石建刚 吕俊亮 Ren Shuai;Shi Jiangang;LüJunliang(Baotou Vehicle Maintenance Branch of Guoneng Railway Equipment Co.,Ltd.,Baotou,Inner Mongolia 041060,China)

机构地区：[1]国能铁路装备有限责任公司包头车辆维修分公司,内蒙古包头014060

出　　处：《机电工程技术》2024年第7期296-301,共6页Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Technology

摘　　要：目前,制动梁端轴喷丸除锈时会产生大量金属粉尘和噪声,环境污染大,维护成本高。团队基于空化射流技术,设计出制动梁端轴空化射流除锈机,通过空化喷嘴与制动梁端轴的相对运动,实现制动梁端轴除锈。但现有空化喷嘴的空化能力弱导致射流冲蚀能力不足,难以在工件表面除锈、除垢和除漆等清洁中得到实际应用。基于团队研制的新型风琴管喷嘴,分析制动梁端轴污垢特征,对喷嘴结构进行改进,设计出一种除锈机空化喷嘴,提高制动梁端轴空化除锈机除锈效率和效果。利用Fluent软件对除锈机空化喷嘴流场进行仿真,结果表明,相较于新型风琴管喷嘴,射流速度提高了24 m/s,目标靶件处压力提高了4.1 MPa,喷嘴气相体积提高了0.027 cm^(3)。根据除锈机空化喷嘴参数设计制造喷嘴样机,以不同清洗样本进行射流特性清洗试验,试验结果表明除锈机空化喷嘴射流性能优于新型风琴管喷嘴、普通圆孔高压喷嘴以及风琴管喷嘴,可快速去除工件表面铁锈、油漆、油污等污染物。At present,a large amount of metal dust and noise is generated when the brake beam end shaft is shot peened and derusted,which has great environmental pollution and high maintenance cost.Based on the cavitation jet technology,a cavitation jet rust remover for the end shaft of the brake beam is designed.Through the relative motion of the cavitation nozzle and the end shaft of the brake beam,the rust removal of the end shaft of the brake beam is realized.However,the weak cavitation ability of the existing cavitation nozzles leads to insufficient jet erosion ability,which is difficult to be applied in the cleaning of workpiece surface,such as rust removal,descaling and paint removal.Based on the new organ pipe nozzle developed by the team,the derusting characteristics of the brake beam end shaft are analyzed,and the nozzle structure is improved.A cavitation nozzle of the derusting machine is designed to improve the derusting efficiency and effect of the brake beam end shaft cavitation derusting machine.Fluent software is used to simulate the flow field of the cavitation nozzle of the derusting machine.The results show that compared with the new organ nozzle,the jet velocity is increased by 24 m/s,the pressure at the target is increased by 4.1 MPa,and the gas phase volume of the nozzle is increased by 0.027 cm~3.According to the parameters of the cavitation nozzle of the derusting machine,the nozzle prototype is designed and manufactured,and the jet characteristic cleaning test is carried out with different cleaning samples.The test results show that the jet performance of the cavitation nozzle of the derusting machine is better than that of the new organ pipe nozzle,the ordinary round hole high pressure nozzle and the organ pipe nozzle,which can quickly remove pollutants such as rust,paint and oil on the surface of the workpiece.

关 键 词：空化射流 喷嘴 超声波 FLUENT 制动梁 

分 类 号：TP391.9[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]