弹体冲击载荷下头部损伤与防护研究进展  

Advances in head injury and protection under projectile impact loading

作　　者：常利军 陈泰伟 王天昊 蔡志华 CHANG Lijun;CHEN Taiwei;WANG Tianhao;CAI Zhihua(Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Maintenance for Mechanical Equipment,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan 411201,China;The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学机械设备健康维护湖南省重点实验室,湖南湘潭411201 [2]中国人民解放军总医院第四医学中心,北京100037

出　　处：《兵器装备工程学报》2024年第7期208-216,共9页Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(11972158,12372356,82102184);军委科技委基础加强计划技术领域基金项目(2020-JCJQ-JJ-356);湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX20221044)。

摘　　要：战场环境下士兵受到弹体(子弹、爆炸破片等)冲击的威胁,佩戴头盔不仅能防止头部产生贯穿伤,还能有效减轻头部损伤。文章聚焦弹体冲击载荷下头部损伤与防护热点问题,综述国内外科研团队在头部损伤方面采用的研究方法、弹体冲击载荷下的头部非贯穿伤机制和头部损伤评价标准。从定性评价到定量评价等方面总结了现有评价标准现状,评述了各类研究方法、损伤机制、评价标准的适用性与优缺点,并重点讨论了头盔防护性能等关键问题。最后,展望了未来战场环境下弹体冲击致头部损伤与防护方面存在的问题和发展趋势,综述内容可为战场士兵损伤评价及头盔防护研究提供理论依据。Soldiers in battlefield environments are threatened by the impact of projectiles(bullets,explosive fragments,etc.),and wearing a helmet not only prevents penetrating head injuries but also effectively mitigates head injuries.The paper focuses on the hot issues of head injury and protection under the projectile impact load and summarizes the research methods adopted by domestic and foreign research teams in head injury,the mechanism of non-penetrating head injury under the projectile impact load,and the evaluation criteria of head injury.The current status of existing evaluation standards is summarized from qualitative evaluation to quantitative evaluation,the applicability,advantages,and disadvantages of various research methods,injury mechanisms,and evaluation criteria are reviewed,and key issues such as helmet protection performance are focused on.Finally,the problems and development trends of head injury and protection caused by the projectile impact in the future battlefield environment are envisioned,and the contents of the review can provide a theoretical basis for the battlefield soldiers’injury evaluation and helmet protection research.

关 键 词：弹体冲击 颅脑损伤 头部有限元模型 假人模型 头部损伤准则 头盔防护 

分 类 号：TJ411[兵器科学与技术—火炮、自动武器与弹药工程] R651.15[医药卫生—外科学]