全油气系统理论基本原理  

Basic principles of the whole petroleum system

作　　者：贾承造 庞雄奇[2,3] 宋岩[2,4,5] JIA Chengzao;PANG Xiongqi;SONG Yan(China National Petroleum Corporation,Beijing 100007,China;State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China;College of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China;PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development,Beijing 100083,China;Unconventional Oil&Gas Science and Technology Research Institute,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油天然气集团有限公司,北京100007 [2]油气资源与工程全国重点实验室,中国石油大学(北京),北京102249 [3]中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院,北京102249 [4]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083 [5]中国石油大学(北京)非常规油气科学技术研究院,北京102249

出　　处：《石油勘探与开发》2024年第4期679-691,共13页Petroleum Exploration and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目企业创新发展联合基金(U22B6002);中国石油科学研究与技术开发项目(2021DJ0101)。

摘　　要：通过阐释全油气系统基本原理,并阐明全油气系统的结构,进而揭示常规油气—致密油气—页岩油气序列成藏规律以及全油气系统成藏模式与成藏机理;此外,阐述了页岩油气-致密油气储层地质模型、流动模型与开发生产机理,并给出了进一步的研究方向。研究表明:(1)全油气系统的主要结构包括3类流体动力场、3种油气藏与油气资源,以及两种成藏作用。常规油气—致密油气—页岩油气具有形成时间和空间分布的有序性、基于成因机理的序列合理性,表现出“序列成藏”的地质规律。(2)全油气系统成藏模式可以分为“碎屑岩盆地成藏模式”与“碳酸盐岩盆地(层系)成藏模式”两类。非常规油气的聚集成藏是一种“自封闭成藏”,油气自封闭作用的微观来源是分子间作用力(范德华力)。(3)非常规油气生产实践证实,页岩油气-致密油气储层地质模型、流动模型与开发生产机理是一个全新的领域,极为复杂,有待进一步研究。页岩油气一定是中国油气资源中最重要的资源接替。(4)进一步研究方向包括:碳酸盐岩盆地全油气系统特征及复合盆地演化源储耦合规律;页岩油气与致密油气运移、成藏与开发生产的流动机理;深层超深层页岩油气、致密油气和煤层气油气地质特征与富集规律;全油气系统油气资源评价与新一代盆地模拟技术;地球系统—地球有机岩与化石能源系统—全油气系统研究。This paper expounds the basic principles and structures of the whole petroleum system to reveal the pattern of conventional oil/gas-tight oil/gas-shale oil/gas sequential accumulation and the hydrocarbon accumulation models and mechanisms of the whole petroleum system.It delineates the geological model,flow model and production mechanism of shale and tight reservoirs,and proposes the future research orientations.The main structure of the whole petroleum system includes three fluid dynamic fields,three types of oil and gas reservoirs/resources,and two types of reservoir-forming processes.Conventional oil/gas,tight oil/gas,and shale oil/gas are orderly in generation time and spatial distribution,and sequentially rational in genetic mechanism,showing the pattern of sequential accumulation.The whole petroleum system involves two categories of hydrocarbon accumulation models:hydrocarbon accumulation in detrital basin and hydrocarbon accumulation in carbonate basin/formation.The accumulation of unconventional oil/gas is of self-sealing,which is microscopically driven by the intermolecular force(van der Waals force).The unconventional oil/gas production has proved that the geological model,flow model and production mechanism of shale and tight reservoirs represent a new and complex field that needs further study.Shale oil/gas must be the most important resource replacement for oil and gas resources of China.Future research efforts include:(1) the characteristics of the whole petroleum system in carbonate basins and the source-reservoir coupling patterns in the evolution of composite basins;(2) flow mechanisms in migration,accumulation and production of shale oil/gas and tight oil/gas;(3)geological characteristics and enrichment of deep and ultra-deep shale oil/gas,tight oil/gas and coalbed methane;(4) resource evaluation and new generation of basin simulation technology of the whole petroleum system;(5) research on earth system-earth organic rock and fossil fuel system-whole petroleum system.

关 键 词：全油气系统理论 全油气系统结构 序列成藏规律 全油气系统成藏模式 自封闭成藏机理 页岩油气-致密油气地质模型与流动模型 

分 类 号：TE122[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]