四川盆地海相碳酸盐岩全油气系统成藏特征与有序分布规律  

Hydrocarbon accumulation and orderly distribution of whole petroleum system in marine carbonate rocks of Sichuan Basin,SW China

作　　者：郭旭升 黄仁春 张殿伟[1] 李双建[1,4] 申宝剑 刘天甲 GUO Xusheng;HUANG Renchun;ZHANG Dianwei;LI Shuangjian;SHEN Baojian;LIU Tianjia(Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute,Beijing 102206,China;State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development,Beijing 102206,China;State Energy Key Laboratory for Carbonate Oil and Gas,Beijing 102206,China;Sinopec Key Laboratory of Geology and Resources in Deep Strata,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石化石油勘探开发研究院,北京102206 [2]页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室,北京102206 [3]国家能源碳酸盐岩油气重点实验室,北京102206 [4]中国石化深部地质与资源重点实验室,北京102206

出　　处：《石油勘探与开发》2024年第4期743-758,共16页Petroleum Exploration and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“陆相富有机质页岩成烃动态演化与烃类赋存机理”(42090022)。

摘　　要：基于四川盆地海相油气勘探现状和进展,以主力烃源岩为核心,依据成藏要素组合关系划分四川盆地海相碳酸盐岩全油气系统,并分析各个含油气系统的成藏特征,总结常规-非常规一体化成藏规律,指明未来有利勘探方向。研究认为:(1)受多期伸展-聚敛构造旋回的控制,四川盆地海相发育3套区域性烃源岩和3套区域性盖层,可划分出寒武系、志留系和二叠系3个全油气系统。3个全油气系统以独立成藏为主,单一系统内天然气具有亲缘性。同时,局部地区大型断裂带贯穿多套全油气系统,形成断控复式全油气系统。(2)全油气系统内普遍发育“陆棚相页岩气聚集—台缘相控气藏—台内断-相共控型气藏”的成藏序列,具有立体成藏、有序分布的规律。(3)优质烃源岩是大气田形成的基础,全油气系统内天然气具有近源和源内富集的规律,规模性储层的发育与保持是天然气富集的保障,“多元生烃、油气转化、动态调整”是海相油气成藏的特色,良好的保存条件是天然气成藏的关键。(4)大型台缘带礁滩相带、深层页岩气与通源断裂相关的大型岩性复合体是未来四川盆地海相油气勘探的主要方向。Based on the situation and progress of marine oil/gas exploration in the Sichuan Basin,the whole petroleum system is divided for marine carbonate rocks of the basin according to the combinations of hydrocarbon accumulation elements,especially the source rock.The hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics of each whole petroleum system are analyzed,the patterns of integrated conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon accumulation are summarized,and the favorable exploration targets are proposed.Under the control of multiple extensional-convergent tectonic cycles,the marine carbonate rocks of the Sichuan Basin contain three sets of regional source rocks and three sets of regional cap rocks,and can be divided into the Cambrian,Silurian and Permian whole petroleum systems.These whole petroleum systems present mainly independent hydrocarbon accumulation,containing natural gas of affinity individually.Locally,large fault zones run through multiple whole petroleum systems,forming a fault-controlled complex whole petroleum system.The hydrocarbon accumulation sequence of continental shelf facies shale gas accumulation,marginal platform facies-controlled gas reservoirs,and intra-platform fault-and facies-controlled gas reservoirs is common in the whole petroleum system,with a stereoscopic accumulation and orderly distribution pattern.High-quality source rock is fundamental to the formation of large gas fields,and natural gas in a whole petroleum system is generally enriched near and within the source rocks.The development and maintenance of large-scale reservoirs are essential for natural gas enrichment,multiple sources,oil and gas transformation,and dynamic adjustment are the characteristics of marine petroleum accumulation,and good preservation conditions are critical to natural gas accumulation.Large-scale marginal-platform reef-bank facies zones,deep shale gas,and large-scale lithological complexes related to source-connected faults are future marine hydrocarbon exploration targets in the Sichuan Basin.

关 键 词：四川盆地 海相油气 全油气系统 碳酸盐岩油气成藏特征 油气分布规律 油气勘探方向 

分 类 号：TE122.2[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]