特朗普政府及新冠疫情对全球经济的影响回顾——聚焦中美关系  

A Review of the Impact of the Former US President Trump and COVID-19 on the World Economy:With Focus on US-China Relations

作　　者：[日]平川均[1,2] 张帅(译) Hirakawa Hitoshi

机构地区：[1]日本名古屋大学 [2]南开大学 [3]辽宁大学《日本研究》编辑部,沈阳110136

出　　处：《日本研究》2024年第1期74-87,共14页Japan Studies

摘　　要：由于美国前总统特朗普的“美国优先”对华政策,2018年开始的中美贸易战以及随后的新冠疫情促使中美贸易摩擦尖锐化。这场因贸易逆差引发的冲突不仅升级为两国之间的关税争端,还扩大到知识产权争端、不公平产业政策、技术霸权、国家安全风险、人权问题、国家体制和意识形态问题等。2021年上台的美国拜登政府尝试扩展以民主价值观为纽带的联盟体系,制衡发展中的中国。另一方面,中国希望通过自身努力实现国内产业结构升级,提出“一带一路”倡议推动国际合作。世界经济正朝着形成独立经济集团的方向发展,中美两国在争夺先进战略产业和企业的同时,也有可能诞生一个新的经济集团。政治上意识形态的冲突将加剧,但在全球经济领域,中美两国之间的竞争将推动围绕“一带一路”倡议的非洲—欧亚经济基础设施的发展。The US-China trade war and the subsequent COVID-19 drastically deepened the conflict between the US and China with former President Trump's"America First"policy.Conflicts not only escalated the imposition of additional tariffs on imports from China,but also spread to issues on infringement of intellectual property rights,unfair industrial policy,technological hegemony issues,national security risks,and human rights infringement.And it has now further spread to China's political system and ideological issues.In 2021,the newly inaugurated U.S.Biden administration attempted to expand the system of alliances linked by democratic values to check and balance the developing China.On the other hand,China hopes to realize the upgrading of its domestic industrial structure through its own efforts,and has put forward the"Belt and Road"initiative to promote international cooperation.In this way,the world economy is entering an era in which the two countries of the US and China compete based on cutting-edge strategic industries and companies,intensifying the movement toward regional economic zones.Political and ideological conflicts will intensify and continue,but in the realm of the world economy,the infrastructure towards the Afro-Eurasian economy would be built through competition between the two countries centered on the BRI.

关 键 词：中美贸易战 “特朗普交易” 贸易逆差 知识产权 技术霸权 

分 类 号：F13[经济管理—世界经济] F17