基于级联编码的区块链分片存储方案  

Blockchain sharding storage scheme based on concatenated coding

作　　者：田有亮[1,2,3,4] 黄钰清 王帅 TIAN Youliang;HUANG Yuqing;WANG Shuai(State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;College of Computer Science and Technology,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Institute of Cryptography&Data Security,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Blockchain Technology,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学公共大数据国家重点实验室,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学计算机科学与技术学院,贵州贵阳550025 [3]贵州大学密码学与数据安全研究所,贵州贵阳550025 [4]贵州省密码学与区块链技术特色重点实验室,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《通信学报》2024年第7期159-170,共12页Journal on Communications

基　　金：国家重点研发计划基金资助项目(No.2021YFB3101100);国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.62272123);贵州省高层次创新型人才基金资助项目(No.[2020]6008);贵州省科技计划基金资助项目(No.[2020]5017,No.[2022]065);贵阳市科技计划基金资助项目(No.[2022]2-4)。

摘　　要：传统区块链存在存储可扩展性难题,现有研究基于纠删码理论降低了区块链存储开销,但在区块的译码恢复时会带来高额的计算与通信开销。为解决以上难题,提出了一种基于级联编码的区块链分片存储方案。通过添加预编码层改进现有无码率纠删码,实现了Ο(n)的编译码复杂度。考虑译码过程中节点间的通信时延差异,提出了基于Metis的时延感知分片算法,通过时延权重决定节点的分片归属,降低译码过程中的通信开销。仿真结果表明,所提方案不仅保证了区块链数据可靠性而且所需的计算开销与通信开销也优于传统方案。Traditional blockchain faces the challenge of storage scalability.Existing research has reduced the storage overhead of blockchain based on erasure coding theory,but it brings high computational and communication spending during the decoding and recovery of blocks.To solve these problems,a blockchain sharding storage scheme based on concatenated coding was proposed.By adding a pre-coding layer to improve the existing rateless erasure code,a decoding complexity of Ο(n) was achieved.Considering the communication delay skew between nodes during the decoding process,a delay-sensitive sharding algorithm based on Metis was proposed,which cut down the communication expenditure in the decoding process by delaying weights to determine the shard ownership of nodes.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme not only ensures the reliability of blockchain data,but also has lower computational and communication cost compared to traditional schemes.

关 键 词：区块链 存储可扩展性 纠删码 分片技术 

分 类 号：TP302[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]