不同有机肥铺施对‘阳光玫瑰/SO4’葡萄吸收根解剖结构的影响  

Effects of Different Organic Fertilizers on the Anatomical Structure of Absorption Roots of'Shine Muscat/SO4'grapevine

作　　者：武瑞民 马闯 田淑芬 张佳佳 李明亮 刘俊 李敬川 WU Ruimin;MA Chuang;TIAN Shufen;ZHANG Jiajia;LI Mingiang;LIU Jun;LI Jingchuan(College of Landscape and Herticulture,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300384,China;Huailai County Investment Agriculture Co.,Ltd.,Huailai 075400,China;Hebei Academy of Forestry and Grassland Science,Shijiazhuang 050000,China)

机构地区：[1]天津农学院园艺园林学院,天津300384 [2]怀来县城投农业开发有限公司,河北怀来075400 [3]河北省林业和草原科学研究院,河北石家庄050000

出　　处：《中外葡萄与葡萄酒》2024年第4期46-52,共7页Sino-Overseas Grapevine & Wine

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-29-zp-1)。

摘　　要：根系是果树生长发育的基础,从解剖结构层次探究施用不同有机肥对葡萄根系发育情况及水力特性的影响,为怀涿盆地葡萄栽培提供理论依据。试验以4年生SO4砧的‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄吸收根为材料,采用石蜡切片法观察根系解剖结构,测定木质部导管特征并计算水力特性。结果表明,与不铺施的相比,对于直径≤1 mm径级的根系,甜菜渣、草炭和牛粪处理显著降低了周皮厚度;而在1~2 mm径级,只有草炭处理显著降低。除了甜菜渣处理外,所有处理在≤1 mm径级均显著增加了木质部半径;在1~2 mm径级,玉米秸秆、甜菜渣和菌棒处理均显著降低了木质部半径。草炭和牛粪处理在各径级下均显著增加了导管密度和面积,并提高了根比导水率。所有处理均降低了栓塞脆弱性指数,其中草炭的效果最为显著。在怀涿盆地,可以适当施加草炭和牛粪来改善以‘SO4’为砧木的‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄吸收根组织结构,增强根系导水性能。The root system is the foundation for growth and development of fruit trees.This study investigated the effects of different organic fertilizers on development and hydraulic characteristics of grape roots at anatomical structure level,providing theoretical support for grape cultivation in the Huai-Zhuo Basin.Four-year-old'Shine Muscat'grafted on SO4 rootstock was used as the test material.The anatomical structure of absorption roots was observed using paraffin section method,and the characteristics of xylem vessels were measured to calculate hydraulic properties.The results showed that in≤1 mm diameter class,beet residue,peat,and cow manure treatments significantly reduced periderm thickness,while only peat significantly reduced it in 1-2 mm diameter class.Except for beet residue,all treatments significantly increased xylem radius in≤1 mm diameter class,while corn straw,beet residue,and mushroom residue significantly reduced it in 1-2 mm diameter class.Peat and cow manure treatments significantly increased vessel density and area in all diameter classes and improved the root-specific hydraulic conductivity.All treatments reduced the embolism vulnerability index,with peat has the most notable effect.In the Huai-Zhuo basin,appropriately applying peat and cow manure can improve the anatomical structure of'Shine Muscat'grape absorption roots grafted on SO4 rootstock,enhancing root hydraulic performance.

关 键 词：葡萄 根系 解剖结构 水力特性 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]