惠州西湖外来鱼类入侵与鱼类群落状况研究  

Study on alien fish invasion and fish community status in Huizhou West Lake

作　　者：余梵冬 韦慧[1,2] 徐猛 房苗[1,2] 舒璐 汪学杰 胡隐昌 顾党恩[1,2] YU Fandong;WEI Hui;XU Meng;FANG Miao;SHU Lu;WANG Xuejie;HU Yinchang;GU Dang′en(Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien Species,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510380,China;Key Laboratory of Alien Species and Ecological Security(CAFS),Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510380,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所/农业农村部外来入侵水生生物防控重点实验室,广东广州510380 [2]中国水产科学研究院外来物种与生态安全重点实验室,广东广州510380

出　　处：《生物安全学报（中英文）》2024年第3期260-266,共7页Journal of biosafety

基　　金：国家大宗淡水鱼产业技术体系(CARS-45);广州市科技计划(202102020817、202201010257);广东省现代农业产业共性关键技术研发创新团队建设项目(2023KJ134);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2020TD17);中国水产科学院所级基本科研业务费(2024SJRC11)。

摘　　要：【目的】摸清惠州西湖鱼类群落组成和外来鱼类入侵现状。【方法】2023年2月,在惠州西湖主湖区开展鱼类资源调查,运用Jaccard相似性指数、相似性分析、非度量多维尺度排序法等方法分析外来鱼类物种组成、丰度差异、分布格局、群聚结构和群落相似性。【结果】共捕获鱼类21种,包括鲤、鲫和鲢等16种土著鱼类以及豹纹翼甲鲇、齐氏罗非鱼、尼罗罗非鱼、伽利略罗非鱼和露斯塔野鲮5种外来鱼类。外来鱼类质量和数量分别占总渔获物的45.36%和44.18%。豹纹翼甲鲇和齐氏罗非鱼在5种外来鱼类中质量和数量占比相对较高,表明外来种群资源量具有一定规模;相似性分析结果表明,西湖平均Jaccard相似性指数处于相似等级(数值为0.62),表明惠州西湖鱼类群落空间分布相似度高;聚类分析结果表明,在78.73%的相似性水平时,惠州西湖鱼类群落可分为4组,但它们之间的差异未达到生态学意义上的差异显著(P>0.05)。【结论】惠州西湖各站点鱼类群落较为相似,豹纹翼甲鲇和齐氏罗非鱼在各个站点均有出现,入侵较为严重,亟需采取相应的防控措施。【Aim】To understand the species composition and alien fish invasion of Huizhou West Lake,a fish resource survey was conducted in February 2023.【Method】The Jaccard similarity index,similarity analysis,and non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMDS)were utilized to analyze the species composition,abundance differences,distribution patterns,community structure,and community similarity of alien fish in Huizhou West Lake.【Result】A total of 21 fish species were captured in this survey.Sixteen native fish species were found,including Cyprinus carpio,Carassius auratus,and Hypophthalmichthys harmandi.Five alien fish species were recorded,namely Pterygoplichthys pardalis,Tilapia zillii,Oreochromis niloticus,Sarotherodon galilaeus,and Labeo rohita.Alien fish species accounted for 45.36%of the total catch weight and 44.18%of the total catch tail.Additionally,Pterygoplichthys pardalis and Tilapia zillii were observed in relatively high proportions in terms of weight and quantity among the five alien fish species,suggesting the establishment of a significant population scale.The similarity analysis results showed that the average Jaccard similarity index value of Huizhou West Lake is 0.62,which is the"similarity"level,indicating that the fish communities are relatively similar at various stations.The clustering analysis results showed that at a similarity level of 78.73%,the fish community of Huizhou West Lake can be divided into four groups;however,statistically significant differences did not exist between these four groups(P>0.05).【Conclusion】Overall,the fish communities at each site of Huizhou West Lake are relatively similar.Huizhou West Lake has been invaded by Pterygoplichthys pardalis and Tilapia zillii,which appeared at each analyzed site.Therefore,corresponding prevention and control measures are urgently required.

关 键 词：外来鱼类 空间分布 群落相似性 豹纹翼甲鲇 齐氏罗非鱼 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]