自适应网络演化视角下公共设施服务半径测算方法——以东莞市小学为例  

Calculation method of public facility service radius under the perspective of adaptive network evolution:A case study of primary schools in Dongguan

作　　者：曾星 黄滢冰 徐文丽 刘文凯 陶田洁 ZENG Xing;HUANG Yingbing;XU Wenli;LIU Wenkai;TAO Tianjie(Dongguan Urban Planning and Design Institute,Dongguan 523000,China;Dongguan Technology Center of Natural Resources,Dongguan 523000,China;Beidou Research Institute,South China Normal University,Foshan 528225,China)

机构地区：[1]东莞市城建规划设计院,东莞523000 [2]东莞市自然资源技术中心,东莞523000 [3]华南师范大学北斗研究院,佛山528225

出　　处：《时空信息学报》2024年第3期419-430,共12页JOURNAL OF SPATIO-TEMPORAL INFORMATION

基　　金：广东省基础与应用基础研究基金面上项目(2022A1515011586)。

摘　　要：城市公共服务设施的服务半径直接影响着居民生活的便利程度。目前研究将城市视为均质空间,对初始阈值设置依赖较高,且忽略了其空间复杂性及人口分布情况。因此,本文结合新城市科学思想提出自适应网络演化视角下的设施服务半径测算方法,通过模拟人与设施交互关系,揭示微观基本单元到宏观统计规律的涌现机制;以东莞市小学为研究对象,探索基于供需总量平衡条件下的小学服务半径和学校规模适宜尺度,为城市规划中公共服务设施的合理配置提供路径方法建议。结果表明:①东莞市小学的实际平均服务半径为960 m,大于500 m的国家标准和800 m的地方规范要求;②不同主导功能区的设施服务半径存在较为明显的差异,产业区的小学服务半径相比居住主导型地区的大200 m;③不同规制学校的用地效率不同,54班制小学可作为土地资源紧约束地区的推荐值;④设施配置标准应结合城市或区域的功能分区、人口特征和发展阶段进行动态评估优化,来提升公共服务设施供给与社会需求的匹配度。The service radius of urban public service facilities directly impacts residents’convenience.As urbanization processes,it becomes crucial to consider the complex correlation factors between facilities and users when researching service radius standards.This research aims to explore more refined facility deployment standards to support decision-making in optimizing the allocation of public service facility resources.This study adopts the new urban science theory and focuses on 485 primary schools in Dongguan.It introduces a method for calculating the service radius of public service facilities based on adaptive network evolution.This method begins at the micro-level of individual behavior,simulating interactions between people and educational facilities through a dynamic evolution network model using geographic spatial big data.It iteratively obtains the actual service scope of each school and statistically analyzes appropriate service radius and school scale under the condition of balanced demand and supply.Therefore,it uncovers the macro-level laws governing public service facility service radius and provides pathway method suggestions for the rational allocation of public service facilities in urban planning.The study finds that:(1)The actual average service radius of primary schools in Dongguan is 960 meters,surpassing the national standard of 500 meters and Dongguan’s local specification requirement of 800 meters;(2)Variations exist in facility service radius in different functional areas.The service radius of primary schools is smallest in residential-led areas,followed by comprehensive urban functional areas,and larger in industry-led urban functional areas.When allocating educational resources,customized service radii can be further formulated in combination with the dominant functions of the region to meet the diverse spatial needs of residents;(3)The unit land use efficiency of schools of different scales varies.There is a significant linear growth relationship between primary school service radius a

关 键 词：自适应网络模型 服务半径 城市小学 空间分析 选择概率法 空间划分 

分 类 号：TU984.14[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]