2016-2021年山东省大风时空分布特征分析  

Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Strong Winds in Shandong Province from 2016 to 2021

作　　者：李昱薇 杨成芳 傅刚[3] 朱晓清 鄢珅 Li Yuwei;Yang Chengfang;Fu Gang;Zhu Xiaoqing;Yan Shen(The Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Shandong,Jinan 250031,China;Shandong Meteorological Observatory,Jinan 250031,China;College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Science,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;Qingdao Meteorological Bureau Huangdao Branch,Qingdao 266400,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省气象防灾减灾重点实验室,山东济南250031 [2]山东省气象台,山东济南250031 [3]中国海洋大学海洋与大气学院,山东青岛266100 [4]青岛市黄岛区气象局,山东青岛266400

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第8期23-32,共10页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42275001);国家重点研究发展计划项目(2022YFC3004200);山东省气象局创新团队项目(SDCXTD2021-2);环渤海区域科技协同创新基金项目(QYXM202105,QYXM202306)资助。

摘　　要：本文利用2016—2021年山东省1886个气象观测站逐时大风观测资料和欧洲中期天气预报中心提供的ERA5客观再分析资料,分析了山东省大风的时空分布特征。结果表明,6年间山东省年均有1476个气象观测站出现8级以上大风,春季大风约占全年的40.1%,每日10—17时时间段大风天气年均超过1000站次,14时前后大风频率最高,偏北大风约占79.3%,北西北(NNW)方向最多。山东省北部沿海地区大风出现频率最高,站均30次以上,南部沿海地区和鲁中山区大风站均10~30次。6年间全省发生瞬时风力13级以上的共有14个站,12级以上的共有64个站,其中雷暴大风占据主导,最大风速为章丘站的39.9 m/s。系统性大风以爆发性气旋大风为主,大风分布与其移动路径及低压中心强度密切相关。高空冷涡是雷暴大风的主要影响系统,其中东北冷涡影响下大风次数占比达63.6%;低槽系统影响的大风发生次数次之,槽前型和槽后型天气系统对山东强对流天气影响机理不同。本文研究结果为山东大风天气的精细化预报提供了依据。In this paper,the temporal and spatial characteristics of strong winds in Shandong Province from 2016 to 2021 were investigated by using the hourly wind data observed from 1886 meteorological stations and the objective reanalysis ERA5 data issued by European centre for medium-range weather forecasts(ECMWF).It is found that annual average of 1476 stations experienced strong winds for gale force 8 and above in Shandong Province.Strong winds in spring accounted for about 40.1%of the year.Annual average exceeded 1000 stations around 10:00—17:00 BJT,with the highest frequency of strong winds around 14:00 BJT.The northerly winds accounted for about 79.3%,and their most occurrence direction were in NNW direction.Northern coastal area of Shandong Province was the highest occurrence frequency regions of strong winds,over 30 occurrences per station.The southern coastal region and the central mountain region of Shandong Province had experienced 10~30 times.There are 14 stations with strong winds for forces 13 and above,and 64 stations for forces 12 and above during 6 years(2016—2021),of which dominated by thunderstorm winds.The maximum wind speed was 39.9 m/s at Zhangqiu Station.The most dominantly strong winds affected by weather systems were caused by explosive cyclone.The distribution of strong winds was related to the moving paths and intensities of low-pressure systems.The upper-level cold vortex was the main influencing weather system for strong winds with thunderstorm,of which under the influence of northeast cold vortex up to 63.6%.Then the second one was affected by the low-trough system.The front and back trough patterns had different influences on severe convective weather in Shandong.

关 键 词：大风 系统性大风 雷暴大风 爆发性气旋 高空冷涡 

分 类 号：P443[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]