基于GIS的青岛市绿地景观生态格局与网络构建  

GIS-Based Ecological Pattern and Network Construction of Green Space Landscape in Qingdao

作　　者：鲁敏[1] 孙速速 张晴晴 张俊峰 郭晓伟 高鑫 Lu Min;Sun Susu;Zhang Qingqing;Zhang Junfeng;Guo Xiaowei;Gao Xin(Landscape Architecture Research Center,Shandong Jianzhu University,Jinan 250101,China)

机构地区：[1]山东建筑大学风景园林科学研究中心,山东济南250101

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第8期103-112,共10页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：住房和城乡建设部科技计划项目(2011-K6-30,06-K9-12);山东省科技发展计划项目(2011RKGB5012);济南市科学技术发展计划项目(201409036)资助。

摘　　要：定量化研究绿地景观生态格局和网络构建能够为城市绿地系统和国土空间的科学规划提供理论依据与方法支撑。研究基于无线电高空测候(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)技术,运用总体景观生态格局分析和梯度分析方法,选取12个景观指数,对沿海城市——青岛市的绿地景观生态格局从斑块类型水平和景观水平两方面进行了定量研究。结果表明:斑块类型水平上,区域绿地以大型斑块为主且占优势地位,防护绿地以大中型斑块为主,二者虽空间分布不均匀,但生态效益较好;附属绿地以中小型斑块为主,缺乏大面积绿地建设,景观破碎度高但符合公众游憩需求;公园绿地以小型斑块为主且数量较少,在城区集中分布。景观水平上,城市绿地景观类型较齐全,但整体破碎度高,中部地区景观破碎度高,南部与中北部地区绿地类型多样,景观破碎度高且景观形状较复杂。在此基础上,进而分析了青岛城市绿地景观生态格局存在的问题,提出了“一轴、三核、廊汇成网、节点密布”的城市绿地生态网络优化与构建方案,以提高各类城市绿地连接度水平,发挥绿地生态系统的整体效益。The quantitative study of green space landscape ecological patterns and network construction can provide a theoretical basis and methodological support for the scientific planning of urban green space systems and national land space.Based on RS and GIS technology,the study uses the overall landscape ecological pattern analysis and gradient analysis methods to select 12 landscape indices to quantitatively study the green space landscape ecological pattern of Qingdao,a coastal city,at both the patch type level and the landscape level.The results show that:at the patch type level,regional green areas are dominated by large patches,and protective green areas are dominated by medium and large patches,both of which are unevenly distributed but with good ecological benefits;subsidiary green areas are dominated by small and medium patches,lacking large green areas,with high landscape fragmentation but meeting public recreation needs;park green areas are dominated by small patches and are small in number,concentrated in urban areas.At the landscape level,the urban green space is more complete in terms of landscape type,but overall fragmentation is high,with a high degree of landscape fragmentation in the central area and a variety of green space types with a high degree of landscape fragmentation and complex landscape shapes in the southern and central-northern areas.On this basis,the problems of Qingdao′s urban green space landscape ecological pattern are analyzed,and a plan of optimizing and constructing an urban green space ecological network with“one axis,three cores,corridors into a network and nodes”is proposed to improve the level of connectivity of various urban green spaces and to bring into play the overall benefits of the green space ecosystem.

关 键 词：地理信息系统(GIS) 城市绿地 景观生态格局 梯度分析 生态网络构建 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X87