时速400 km高速列车通过隧道诱发车体横向振动的气动机制研究  

Aerodynamic Mechanism of Lateral Vibration of High-Speed Train at 400 km/h Inside a Tunnel

作　　者：谢新雨 盖杰 马瑶 梅元贵[1] XIE Xinyu;GAI Jie;MA Yao;MEI Yuangui(Gansu Province Engineering Laboratory of Rail Transit Mechanics Application,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;National Engineering Research Center of Railway Vehicles,CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co.,Ltd.,Changchun 130062,Jilin,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学甘肃省轨道交通力学应用工程实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [2]中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司国家轨道客车工程研究中心,吉林长春130062

出　　处：《隧道建设（中英文）》2024年第7期1477-1490,共14页Tunnel Construction

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划系统性重大项目(P2021J037)。

摘　　要：为研究列车以更高速度通过双线隧道时,由于列车和隧道形成的几何空间为非对称空间,列车两侧空气非对称流动,隧道内复杂的压力环境作用至车体两侧和列车尾涡引起的车厢两侧压力变化、列车车体表面压力波动与气动力相互关系和车体振动频谱特征,采用三维非定常可压缩流动N-S方程和IDDES湍流模型,建立时速400 km高速列车1∶1的8节编组空气动力学仿真模型,使用重叠网格技术模拟列车与隧道之间的相对运动方法。研究结果表明:1)隧道内行驶的列车在隧道压力波作用下会使车厢两侧出现压差和侧向力幅值的大范围变化,且变化程度由头车向尾车逐渐增大;2)列车在隧道内运行时的尾流区存在1对反向涡旋;3)尾车明线段涡脱落主频率为2.002 Hz,隧道内运行时,涡脱落频率为3.003 Hz;4)列车在明线或隧道内运行,车体气动侧向力和摇头力矩引起的车体振动频率为2.002 Hz。When a train transits through a double-track tunnel at high speed,the geometric space between the train and the tunnel is asymmetrical,the air flows asymmetrically on both sides of the train,and the pressure environment inside the tunnel is complex.These factors result in different degrees of variation in pressure on both sides of the train,which are induced by the train body and tail vortex.To examine the pressure fluctuations at the train surface and the aerodynamic interrelationships and vibration spectral characteristics of the train body,a 1:1 aerodynamic simulation model of a high-speed train with eight coaches traveling at 400 km/h is established using a three-dimensional,unsteady compressible flow N-S equation and the IDDES turbulence model.The overlapping grid technology is used to simulate the relative motion between the train and the tunnel.The results indicate the following.(1)The train traveling inside the tunnel undergoes large-scale changes in pressure differential and lateral force amplitude on both sides of the carriage under the action of the pressure waves in the tunnel,and the degree of change increases from the head to the rear of the train.(2)There is a pair of reverse vortices in the wake area of the train when it is traveling inside the tunnel.(3)The main frequency of vortex shedding of the train tail in an open-track section is 2.002 Hz,whereas it is 3.003 Hz when the train is traveling inside the tunnel.(4)When the train is traveling on in open-track section or tunnel,the vibration frequency of the train body caused by aerodynamic lateral force and its yaw moment is 2.002 Hz.

关 键 词：时速400 km高速列车 双线隧道 列车车体表面压力波动 车体气动侧向力 摇头力矩 尾流 涡脱频率 横向振动 

分 类 号：U451.3[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]