印度农作物天气指数保险计划的制度安排与政策启示  

Institutional Arrangements and Policy Implications of India’s Restructured Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme

作　　者：王学君[1] 颜筱熹 WANG Xuejun;YAN Xiaoxi

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学经济管理学院,南京210095

出　　处：《世界农业》2024年第8期19-31,共13页World Agriculture

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“新发展格局下我国粮食安全风险防范研究”(23&ZD117);国家自然科学基金重点国际合作项目“农业综合天气指数保险研究与实施”(72261147758);南京农业大学中央高校基本科研业务费人文社会科学研究基金(SKCX2023003)。

摘　　要：农作物天气指数保险因其在赔付效率、交易成本等方面的优势,被认为是传统农业保险产品的有益补充甚至是替代。在实施天气指数保险的国家当中,印度是最具有代表性的国家之一。本文在简要梳理印度农作物天气指数保险计划(RWBCIS)在其农业保险体系构建中的定位及其演进历程的基础上,系统阐述其产品设计、运营体系以及监督约束机制等具体措施和实施经验。研究发现,印度将RWBCIS定位为传统农作物产量险的有效补充,并结合地理位置、耕地分布及气候类型下的适用性,发挥二者的协同效应;RWBCIS的有序实施得益于完备的保险基础数据、健全透明的信息平台、精细化的产品设计和覆盖面广泛的气象网络的共同支撑;通过制定投保作物日历以及监督惩罚机制明确权责分配,提高保险市场的稳定性及可持续性。印度实施RWBCIS的政策思路及其在保险运行机制设计上的具体安排,或为中国农业保险顶层制度设计以及产品创新提供值得借鉴的启示。Due to its advantages in payout efficiency and transaction costs,weather index insurance is conside-red a beneficial supplement or even an alternative to traditional agricultural insurance products.Among the countries implementing practices of weather index insurance,India stands out as one of the most representative.This paper,based on a brief overview of the positioning and evolutionary process of India’s Restructured Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme(RWBCIS)within its agricultural insurance system,systematically elaborates on its product design,operational systems,and supervisory constraints.Research findings indicate that India positions RWBCIS as an effective supplement to traditional yield insurance,leveraging synergies based on geographical location,land distribution,and applicable climate types.The orderly implementation of RWBCIS benefits from comprehensive insurance base data,a sound and transparent information platform,precise product design,and extensive coverage of meteorological networks.By establishing insured crop calendars and clear responsibilities through supervisory penalties,RWBCIS enhances market stability and sustainability.The policy framework and specific arrangements of RWBCIS implementation in India may offer valuable insights for China’s top-level agricultural insurance system design and product innovation.

关 键 词：印度农业 农业保险 天气指数保险 风险管理 

分 类 号：F841.36[经济管理—保险]