露天转地下开采引起露天边坡变形破坏特征及演化机理研究  

Deformation Failure Characteristics and Evolution Mechanism of Open-Pit Slopes Caused by the Transition from Open-Pit to Underground Mining

作　　者：李延超[1] 王飞飞 姜安民 任青阳[4] 肖宋强 LI Yanchao;WANG Feifei;JIANG Anmin;REN Qingyang;XIAO Songqiang(Hunan Urban Construction College,Xiangtan,Hunan 411100,China;State Key Laboratory of Safety Technology of Metal Mines,Changsha Institute of Mining Research Co.,Ltd.,Changsha,Hunan 410012,China;School of Civil Engineering,Hunan City University,Yiyang,Hunan 413000,China;School of Civil Engineering,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南城建职业技术学院,湖南湘潭市411100 [2]长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司金属矿山安全技术国家重点实验室,湖南长沙410012 [3]湖南城市学院土木工程学院,湖南益阳市413000 [4]重庆交通大学土木工程学院,重庆400074

出　　处：《矿业研究与开发》2024年第7期72-79,共8页Mining Research and Development

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2905102);国家自然科学基金项目(52104184);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2024JJ6110,2024JJ8049)。

摘　　要：采矿活动引起的滑坡、崩塌、地表塌陷等灾害一直是防灾减灾工程领域研究的热点与难点之一。为了揭示井下矿体开采引起露天滑坡与地表塌陷灾害演化机理,采用遥感影像、现场调查与数值模拟研究等手段开展了露天边坡变形破坏及地表塌陷特征研究。研究结果表明:某露天采场滑坡形成主要经历了以下过程:稳定-边坡垮塌-大面积垮塌-地表陷落洞-地表塌陷滑坡-北部边坡垮塌的形成发展过程。北边坡角过陡,且在断层与井下空区耦合影响下,有进一步垮塌、滑坡的可能。塌陷坑形成机制主要分为4个阶段:矿体上覆岩层扰动垮塌;露天采场滑塌;山体地表出现陷落孔洞;露天采场滑坡山体地表塌陷。数值模拟揭示的露天采场边坡变形破坏特征与矿山现场实际情况相符合,验证了数值模拟结果的可靠性。在露天采场边坡与山体地表变形位移发展过程中,有3个突变点,将变形位移发展划分为4个阶段,与遥感影像、现场调查分析的结果一致。研究成果可为露天转地下开采灾害防治提供参考。Mining induced disasters such as landslides,collapses,and surface subsidence have always been one of the hot and difficult research topics in the field of disaster prevention and reduction engineering.In order to reveal the evolution mechanism of open-pit landslides and surface subsidence disasters caused by underground mining,remote sensing images,on-site investigations,and numerical simulation studies were used to study the deformation and failure characteristics of open-pit slopes and surface subsidence.The research results indicate that the formation of landslides in open-pit mining areas mainly undergoes the following processes:stability-slope collapse-large scale collapse-surface subsidence cave-surface subsidence landslide-northern slope collapse.The northern slope angle is too steep,and there is a possibility of further collapse and landslide under the coupling influence of faults and underground goafs.The formation mechanism of collapse pits is mainly divided into four stages,including,disturbance and collapse of overlying rock layers on the ore body,collapse of open-pit stope,collapsed holes appearing on the mountain surface,as well as landslide of open-pit stope and surface collapse of mountain body.The deformation and failure characteristics of open-pit slope revealed by numerical simulation are consistent with the actual situation of the mine site,verifying the reliability of the numerical simulation results.In the process of deformation and displacement development of open-pit slope and mountain surface,there are three abrupt points,and the development of deformation and displacement is divided into four stages,which is consistent with the results of remote sensing images and on-site investigation and analysis.The research results can provide a reference for disaster prevention and control in the transition from open-pit to underground mining.

关 键 词：采矿工程 地质灾害 露天采场滑坡 演化机理 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TD854.6[矿业工程—金属矿开采]