超深层断控碳酸盐岩油藏地质力学建模及其在开发中的应用  

Geomechanics modeling of ultra⁃deep fault⁃controlled carbonate reservoirs and its application in development

作　　者：蔡振忠[1,2,3,4,5,6] 张辉 徐珂 尹国庆 王志民 王海应 钱子维 张禹 CAI Zhenzhong;ZHANG Hui;XU Ke;YIN Guoqing;WANG Zhimin;WANG Haiying;QIAN Ziwei;ZHANG Yu(PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company,Korla,Xinjiang 841000,China;Research and Development Center for Ultra-Deep Complex Reservoir Exploration and Development,CNPC,Korla,Xinjiang 841000,China;Engineering Research Center for Ultra-Deep Complex Reservoir Exploration and Development,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Korla,Xinjiang 841000,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Ultra-Deep Oil and Gas,Korla,Xinjiang 841000,China;State Energy Key Laboratory of Carbonate Oil and Gas,Korla,Xinjiang 841000,China;Key Laboratory of Carbonate,CNPC,Korla,Xinjiang 841000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油天然气股份有限公司塔里木油田公司,新疆库尔勒841000 [2]中国石油天然气集团有限公司超深层复杂油气藏勘探开发技术研发中心,新疆库尔勒841000 [3]新疆维吾尔自治区超深层复杂油气藏勘探开发工程研究中心,新疆库尔勒841000 [4]新疆超深油气重点实验室,新疆库尔勒841000 [5]国家能源碳酸盐岩油气重点实验室,新疆库尔勒841000 [6]中国石油天然气集团有限公司碳酸盐岩储层重点实验室,新疆库尔勒841000

出　　处：《石油实验地质》2024年第4期868-879,共12页Petroleum Geology & Experiment

基　　金：中国石油天然气股份有限公司科技重大专项(2018E-18)资助。

摘　　要：为提高超深断控碳酸盐岩油藏的开发效益,通过开展大尺寸岩样力学实验,揭示高角度—近直立断裂面变形与连通机理;基于高压注水提采的力学与流动耦合原理,通过地质力学建模,明确了断控碳酸盐岩油藏现今地应力场和断裂活动性分布规律;发现不同方位的断裂活动性以及不同部位的缝洞体连通性有明显差异,进而分析了不同井眼轨迹的开发效果,提出了地质工程一体化工作方法,科学指导井眼轨迹设计和注水方案优化。结果表明:①走滑断裂变形中的大尺度破碎体和高角度裂缝系统是影响储层品质的关键因素,高压注水一方面能够激活先存裂缝,一方面还能在先存裂缝基础上发生延伸扩展,甚至可以产生新的裂缝,促进了断控缝洞体在纵横向上的互相连通;②高压注水过程中断裂体内部发生力学与流动之间的耦合变化,渗流环境得到改善,通过循环举升,从而提高油气采收率;③根据断裂体形态、产状以及断裂面动态剪切变形连通性,可优选定向井最佳井点和井眼轨迹,并优化注水方案;④塔里木盆地断控油藏试验区通过高压注水,采收率提高5个百分点,该方法为超深断控型油藏高效开发提供了较好的理论依据和技术支撑。To enhance the development efficiency of ultra⁃deep fault⁃controlled carbonate reservoirs,large⁃scale rock mechanical experiments were conducted to reveal the deformation and connectivity mechanisms of high⁃angle to near⁃vertical fault surfaces.Based on the mechanical and flow coupling principles of high⁃pressure water injec⁃tion production,geomechanical modeling was employed to clarify the current in⁃situ stress field and fault activity distribution patterns in fault⁃controlled carbonate reservoirs.Significant differences were found in fault activities in different directions and in the connectivity of fracture and cavity bodies in different parts.The development effects of different wellbore trajectories were then analyzed,and an integrated geological and engineering working method was proposed to scientifically guide the design of wellbore trajectories and the optimization of water injec⁃tion schemes.The results show:①Large⁃scale fractured bodies and high⁃angle fracture systems in strike⁃slip fault deformation are key factors affecting reservoir quality.High⁃pressure water injection can activate existing fractures on one hand,and on the other hand,it can extend and expand based on existing fractures,even generating new fractures,promoting the interconnection of fault⁃controlled fracture and cavity bodies in both vertical and horizontal directions;②During the high⁃pressure water injection process,coupling changes between mechanics and flow occur inside the fault body,improving the seepage environment,and increasing oil and gas recovery rate through cyclic lifting;③According to the shape and the occurrence of the fault body,and the dynamic shear deformation connectivity of the fault surface,the best well point and well trajectory for directional wells can be selected,and the water injection scheme can be optimized;④In the fault⁃controlled oil reservoir test area of Tarim Basin,the recovery rate was increased by 5%through high⁃pressure water injection.This method provid

关 键 词：超深层 断控碳酸盐岩油藏 缝洞体 地质力学 断裂活动性 井眼轨迹 注水开发 地质工程一体化 

分 类 号：TE31[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]