中国社会保障体系结构的转型及其实现路径  

Transformation of the Structure of China's Social Security System and Its Realization Path

作　　者：张浩淼[1,2] Zhang Haomiao(School of Public Administration,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610064,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学公共管理学院 [2]四川大学劳动与社会保障系

出　　处：《社会保障评论》2024年第4期18-31,共14页Chinese Social Security Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“全面建成小康社会背景下相对贫困治理的实现路径研究”(22&ZD060)。

摘　　要：中国的现代社会保障始建于中华人民共和国成立初期,逐步形成了“社会保险为主导、社会救助和社会福利处于边缘”的体系结构。改革开放后,社会保障改革逐步成为了整个改革事业的重要组成部分,社会保障的体系结构呈现“社会救助为基础,社会保险为主体,社会福利、军人保障和慈善事业为补充”的格局,实现了社会保障体系结构的重大转型。社会保障体系结构失衡是此次结构转型的根本原因,其转型过程体现了渐进性并以顺应国情和时代发展为主要经验。中国式现代化对我国社会保障体系结构提出了新的要求,进而需要推动社会保障体系结构的进一步转型。为此,要明确社会保障体系结构转型的总体目标,创新改革社会保险并夯实其主体地位,优化社会救助与慈善事业并巩固其已有地位,大力推动社会福利发展并将其转变为基础地位,还要建立完善家庭社会保障并使之成为社会保障的子系统之一,形成补充地位。China's modern social security system was established in the early years of the People's Republic of China and has gradually developed into a structure where"social insurance plays a leading role,with social assistance and social welfare on the periphery."Since the reform and opening up,social security reform has become an important part of the overall reform agenda.The structure of the social security system has evolved into a pattern where"social assistance forms the basis,social insurance is the mainstay,and social welfare,military benefits,and charity act as supplements,"thereby achieving a major transformation.The root cause of this structural transformation lies in the structural imbalance within the social security system,which has been gradually addressed based on the evolving national context.Chinese-style modernization has introduced new requirements for the structure of China's social security system,necessitating further transformation.To this end,it is essential to clarify the overall objectives of this structural transformation:to innovate and reform social insurance and consolidate its role as the mainstay of social security,to optimize social assistance and charitable activities,and solidify their existing roles,to promote the development of social welfare and transform it into a fundamental component,and to establish and improve family social security,making it a complementary sub-system within the social security framework.

关 键 词：社会保障体系结构 社会救助 社会保险 社会福利 转型 

分 类 号：D632.1[政治法律—政治学]