民国时期北京慈善救助的现代化转型(1911—1937)——兼论社会救助与社会工作的同源与分殊  

The Modernization Transformation of Charitable Assistance in Beijing during the Republic of China Period(1911-1937)-A Discussion on the Common Origins and Divergences of Social Assistance and Social Work

作　　者：孟晨 Meng Chen(School of Government,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学政府管理学院

出　　处：《社会保障评论》2024年第4期148-159,共12页Chinese Social Security Review

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“中国社会工作通史研究”(22JZD026)。

摘　　要：民国时期北京贫困问题与所伴生的弱势群体问题突出。西方在华教会兴办的慈善组织引入了先进的管理和服务技术,中外社会精英一道推动了社会救助事业的现代化转型。社会救助向“社会服务”的转型促成了中国早期社会工作的发端。北平协和医院社会服务部、北平家庭福利协济会与燕京大学“学院派”等带有“专业化”和“本土化”特征的社会工作专业实践推动了社会工作的落地生根。通过梳理民国时期社会工作在北京经由社会救助被引入和落地生根的历史过程,澄清了社会工作与社会救助乃至与更为宏观的社会保障之间的历史关系。During the Republic of China period,the problem of poverty and the accompanying vulnerable groups in Beijing was prominent.Western missionary charitable organizations in China introduced advanced management and service technologies,and social elites from China and abroad jointly promoted the modernization of social assistance.The transformation of social assistance into"social service"led to the emergence of early social work in China.Professional practices of social work with"professionalization"and"localization"characteristics,such as those carried out by the Department of Social Service at Peking Union Medical College Hospital,the Peking Family Welfare Association,and the"academic school"of Yenching University,facilitated the establishment and growth of social work.By reviewing the historical process of how social work was introduced and took root in Beijing through social relief during the Republic of China period,this paper clarifies the historical relationship between social work,social assistance,and broader social security.

关 键 词：民间慈善组织 社会救助 社会工作 

分 类 号：K258[历史地理—历史学] D693.66[历史地理—中国史]