不同菌根类型树种土壤氮、磷有效性特征及影响因素研究进展  

Research progress on soil nitrogen and phosphorus availability and influencing factors of different mycor-rhizal tree species

作　　者：苏颖佳 杨凯[1,2] 张乾 徐爽 于立忠[1,2] 张金鑫 SU Yingjia;YANG Kai;ZHANG Qian;XU Shuang;YU Lizhong;ZHANG Jinxin(Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;Qingyuan Forest,National Observation and Research Station,Liaoning Province,Shenyang 110016,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院森林生态与管理重点实验室,中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [2]辽宁清原森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,沈阳110016 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2024年第7期2208-2221,共14页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1300500);国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金项目(31922059)资助。

摘　　要：不同菌根类型树种在氮、磷循环中起着重要作用,主要通过微生物、凋落物分解、根系分泌等作用影响土壤氮、磷循环和有效性。为深入了解菌根树种——丛枝菌根树种和外生菌根树种之间氮、磷循环的差异,本文对近30年研究进行综述,明确不同菌根树种土壤氮、磷有效性特征,分析菌根类型树种对土壤氮、磷有效性影响的非生物因素和生物因素。结果表明,树种菌根类型对土壤氮、磷有效性影响明显不同,丛枝菌根树种土壤氮有效性高于外生菌根树种,而酸性土壤中外生菌根树种土壤磷有效性高于丛枝菌根树种。丛枝菌根树种凋落物质量高(低碳氮比、低木质素),与能快速矿化有机物的微生物(腐生真菌)相适应,引起快速的养分循环速率,因此使土壤无机氮有效性提高;而外生菌根树种酶促能力强、根系分泌能力强,促进土壤无机磷有效性的提高。在今后的研究中,需结合树种的功能性状和系统发育史,分析树种菌根类型对土壤氮、磷有效性的影响。Different mycorrhizal tree species play important roles in nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)cycling,with consequences on the cycling and availability of N and P mainly through microorganisms,litter decomposition,and root exudates.To understand the difference of N and P cycles between arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species and ectomycorrhizal tree species,we clarified the characteristics of soil N and P availability of different mycorrhizal tree species,and analyzed the abiotic and biological factors of mycorrhizal tree species affecting soil N and P availability by summarizing previous studies.The results show that mycorrhizal types of tree species significantly affect soil N and P availability.Specifically,soil N availability of arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species is higher than that of ecto-mycorrhizal tree species,while soil P availability of ectomycorrhizal tree species is higher than that of arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species in acidic soils.Furthermore,arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species tend to generate litter with higher quality(low carbon:nitrogen ratio,and low lignin)and promote microorganisms that can quickly mineralize organic matter(saprophytic fungi),leading to rapid nutrient cycling rate and high availability of soil inorganic N.By contrast,ectomycorrhizal tree species promote soil inorganic P availability by inducing broad enzymatic capabili-ties and more root exudation.Future works should analyze the changes in soil N and P availability of different my-corrhizal tree species in combination with functional traits and phylogenetic history of tree species.

关 键 词：丛枝菌根树种 外生菌根树种 氮有效性 磷有效性 微生物 凋落物 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]