具有泛化访花者的海芋特化传粉系统  

Specialized pollination system with generalized visitors in Alocasia odora

作　　者：丁翔 余元钧 宋希强 罗毅波[2] Xiang Ding;Yuanjun Yu;Xiqiang Song;Yibo Luo(Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants,Ministry of Education,School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry,Hainan University,Haikou 570228;State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]热带特色林木花卉遗传与种质创新教育部重点实验室,海南大学热带农林学院,海口570228 [2]植物多样性与特色经济作物全国重点实验室,中国科学院植物研究所,北京100093 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生物多样性》2024年第6期13-23,共11页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：“十四五”科技部专项“自然保护地保护成效与空间优化技术”课题(2022YFF1301401);国家自然科学基金面上项目(32070255)。

摘　　要：特化传粉系统通常被认为是一种高效的植物与传粉者互作的关系,但即使是高度特化的花朵也经常接受非传粉者的访问。当前的特化传粉系统研究主要关注于植物与特定传粉者的相互作用,往往忽视了其他访花者的潜在影响。海芋(Alocasia odora)与芋果蝇属(Colocasiomyia)物种是典型的高度特化传粉互惠关系,但海芋花序仍存在许多其他的访花者类群,它们对传粉过程的影响尚不清楚。通过访花者筛除实验,本研究证实了海芋的授粉过程必须有海芋果蝇(C.alocasia)或异海芋果蝇(C.xenalocasiae)的参与。除此以外,海芋花序上还观察到包括露尾甲科、蜜蜂科、隐翅虫科和跗线螨科等类群的访花者,共计10种。繁育系统实验表明,海芋的自交不亲和性是由空间和时间上的雌雄分离造成的。因此,尽管其他访花者未直接对海芋结实率做出贡献,但它们对花粉和雄花不育区分泌物报酬的取食行为仍可能整体上减少了有效花粉资源,并与传粉者竞争报酬资源,进而间接影响有效传粉者的传粉行为。本研究为特化传粉理论提供了新视角,未来研究应更全面考虑访花者的整体作用。Aims:Specialized pollination systems are often perceived as finely tuned interactions between specific plant species and their pollinators.However,empirical evidence suggests that these systems also accommodate visits from non-pollinating species.While previous research has primarily focused on the mutualistic aspects of plantsand pollinatorsin the specialized pollination,the broader impacts of various floral visitors have been overlooked.The intricate pollination dynamics between Alocasia odoraand Colocasiomyiaspecies,notably C.alocasiaor C.xenalocasiae,exemplify such specialization.Yet,the roles and influences of numerous other floral visitors remain incompletely understood within this pollination system.Methods:The specialized pollination system of A.odoraserved as the focal point of this study.Initially,morphological characteristics of the inflorescence were meticulously observed and documented across various stages of flowering.These observations provided essential insights into the positioning and timing of visitor and pollinator activity on the inflorescence.Subsequently,the primary breeding systems of A.odorawere elucidated through controlled breeding experiments.By thoroughly monitoring visitor behavior and conducting pollination efficiency experiments,we identified visitor groups with a preference for inflorescence visitation and evaluated their impactson successful pollination.Finally,we conducted a comprehensive analysis to assess the influence of generalized visitors on the specialized pollination system of A.odora.Results:Our meticulous visitor exclusion experiments unequivocally confirmedthe indispensable pollinating role of specific Colocasiomyiaspecies in the pollination of A.odora.Furthermore,analysis of the plant’s breeding system hadrevealed self-incompatibility in A.odora,attributed to the spatial and temporal separation of male and female reproductive phases.Remarkably,the inflorescence of A.odora exhibiteda significant attraction to a diverse array of visitors,encompassing species from th

关 键 词：特化传粉 繁育系统 访花者 传粉者 天南星科 海芋 芋果蝇属 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]