鸡嗉子榕传粉榕小蜂表皮碳氢化合物的性二型及季节变化  

Sexual dimorphism and seasonal variations in cuticular hydrocarbons of the pollinating fig wasp in Ficus semicordata

作　　者：谢华 杨培 李宗波 Hua Xie;Pei Yang;Zongbo Li(College of Forestry,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224;Graduate School,Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine,Kunming 650500;Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学林学院,昆明650224 [2]云南中医药大学研究生处,昆明650500 [3]西南林业大学西南山地森林资源保育与利用教育部重点实验室,昆明650224

出　　处：《生物多样性》2024年第6期36-46,共11页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32260719,32160296,31760107);云南省应用基础研究项目(202401AT070265,202401BD070001-111);兴滇英才支持计划项目(YNWR-QNBJ-2018-131,YNWR-QNBJ-2019-123)。

摘　　要：生存与繁殖对生物体维持和延续种群数量稳定至关重要。表皮碳氢化合物具有维持昆虫水分平衡和信息通讯的双重功能,目前对于昆虫在不同气候条件下如何权衡防脱水与保持化学信号可靠性的潜在冲突尚不清楚。本文以寄生于鸡嗉子榕(Ficus semicordata)雄花期果内的传粉榕小蜂窝榕小蜂(Ceratosolen gravelyi)为研究对象,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)解析雨季、雾凉季和干热季中雌、雄成虫表皮碳氢化合物的种类及含量,运用非度量多维尺度排序、相似性分析、置换多元方差分析和随机森林等方法分析了窝榕小蜂表皮碳氢化合物对不同季节变化的响应机制。结果表明:(1)窝榕小蜂表皮碳氢化合物由34种C7–C44的化合物组成,包括正链烷烃、甲基烷烃、烯烃和甲基烯烃;其中角鲨烯(squalene)、2-甲基二十八烷(2-Me-C28)、正三十四烷(n-C34)、正三十六烷(n-C36)和正四十四烷(n-C44)为主要成分(>5%)。(2)不同性别窝榕小蜂表皮碳氢化合物的组成及含量存在显著差异,正四十二烷(n-C42)、17-三十五烯(17-C35:1)、1-二十九烯(C29:1)、2-Me-C28和角鲨烯是造成两性差异的重要贡献量化合物。(3)雌、雄成虫表皮碳氢化合物均具有明显的季节变化:在干热季中,雌蜂正链烷烃(n-C34、n-C36和n-C44)的比例及碳氢化合物的总绝对含量增加,2-Me-C28和角鲨烯的比例降低;雄蜂甲基烯烃的比例增加,正链烷烃和甲基烷烃的比例降低,碳氢化合物总绝对含量无明显变化。本研究发现窝榕小蜂表皮碳氢化合物具有明显的性二型和强烈的季节可塑性,2-Me-C28和角鲨烯可作为雄蜂配偶识别时的候选性信息素;雌、雄成虫在适应高温和/或干燥的气候条件时存在差异化响应,表明窝榕小蜂两性表皮碳氢化合物在不同季节变化中采取不同的适应性策略。本研究揭示了榕小蜂应对不同气候环境的化学适应机制,为研究昆虫�Aims:Survival and reproduction are fundamental traits crucial for maintaining population stability in organisms.Cuticular hydrocarbons serve dual purposes in insects:maintaining water balance and facilitating chemical communication.However,the interplay between adaptation to varying climatic conditions and maintaining reliability in chemical signaling remains poorly understood.This study delves into the sexual dimorphism and seasonal variations in cuticular hydrocarbons of the pollinating fig wasp Ceratosolen gravelyi,which parasitizes the male phase of Ficus semicordata.Methods:Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was employed to analyze the types and concentrations of cuticular hydrocarbons present in female and male adults of C.gravelyi across distinct seasonal periods:rainy,fog-cool,and dry-hot seasons.To elucidate the response mechanism of cuticular hydrocarbons in C.gravelyi to varying seasons,non-metric multidimensional scaling,analysis of similarities,permutational multivariate analysis of variance,and random forest techniques were utilized.Results:(1)A total of 34 compounds were identified in the cuticular hydrocarbons produced by the pollinator C.gravelyi in F.semicordata,primarily comprising n-alkanes,methylalkanes,olefins,and methylolefins,with carbon chain lengths ranging from C7 and C44.Notably,squalene,2-Methyloctacosane(2-Me-C28),n-Tetratriacontane(n-C34),n-Hexatriacontane(n-C36),and n-Tetratetracontane(n-C44)emerged as the predominant components,each constituting over 5%of the total composition.(2)Significant qualitative and quantitative differences were observed in the cuticular hydrocarbon profiles between male and female adults of C.gravelyi.Notable contributors to these differences included n-Dotetracontane(n-C42),17-Pentatriacontene(17-C35:1),1-Nonacosene(C29:1),2-Me-C28,and squalene.(3)The cuticular hydrocarbons of both male and female adults exhibited pronounced seasonal variations.During the dry-hot season,there was a notable increase in the proportion of n-alkanes(n-C34,n-C36,and n

关 键 词：鸡嗉子榕 传粉榕小蜂 表皮碳氢化合物 性二型 季节适应性 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]