海南大田国家级自然保护区小灵猫的活动节律与栖息地选择  

Diel activity and habitat selection of small Indian civets(Viverricula indica)in Hainan Datian National Nature Reserve

作　　者：张明军 王合升 颜文博 符运南[3] 王琦[1] 曾治高[2] Mingjun Zhang;Hesheng Wang;Wenbo Yan;Yunnan Fu;Qi Wang;Zhigao Zeng(Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources,Shaanxi University of Technology,Hanzhong,Shaanxi 723000;Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology,Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101;Hainan Datian National Nature Reserve Administration,Dongfang,Hainan 572625)

机构地区：[1]陕西理工大学陕西省资源生物重点实验室,陕西汉中723000 [2]中国科学院动物研究所动物生态与保护生物学重点实验室,北京100101 [3]海南大田国家级自然保护区管理局,海南东方572625

出　　处：《生物多样性》2024年第6期71-80,共10页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：海南大田国家级自然保护区2021年中央财政林业改革发展资金(国家重点野生动植物保护)。

摘　　要：小灵猫(Viverricula indica)是国家一级重点保护野生动物,有关该物种在我国的当前分布和栖息地生态学的资料非常有限,不利于其保护管理策略的制定。2021年10月至2023年8月,作者在海南大田国家级自然保护区通过红外相机技术监测调查了小灵猫的分布,采用核密度函数和Vanderploeg&Scavia资源选择指数分析了小灵猫的活动节律和栖息地选择。本次调查在区内50个位点共布设了120台红外相机,总相机工作日累计24,778天,获得独立有效照片6,250张,调查期间在13个位点获取了48次小灵猫独立有效探测,证实小灵猫在该区域稳定存在。小灵猫的活动节律为典型的夜行性,日活动曲线呈单峰分布,活动高峰处于22:00前后。区内小灵猫对于人类活动在时间层面呈现明显回避(重叠系数Δ=0.04),与同域分布竞争物种豹猫(Prionailurus bengalensis)之间存在时间生态位上的分离(P<0.001)。在栖息地选择上,小灵猫偏好利用食物资源丰富的杧果(Mangifera indica)林、乔木郁闭度中等(50%–75%)、干扰强度中低的生境。本调查研究填补了海南岛小灵猫分布及生态信息方面的空缺,为后续的深入研究提供了基础信息,也为更多区域野生小灵猫的保护和管理提供了一定的科学依据。Aims:The small Indian civet(Viverricula indica)is a national first-class key protected wild animal in China.However,there is very little information about the current distribution and habitat ecology of this species in China.The aims of this study were to:(1)understand how the diel activity pattern of V.indicais affected by sympatric speciesand human activities;and(2)investigate habitat selection of V.indicain Hainan Datian National Nature Reserve.Methods:From October 2021 to August 2023,the diel activity patternand habitat selection of V.indicain the nature reserve were studiedby camera trapping,with120 cameratraps placed at 50 sites.A non-parametric circular kernel-density method wasadopted to analyze the diel activity patternsof V.indica,sympatric leopard cats(Prionailurus bengalensis),murinerodents,squirrels,and humans.We used the Mann-Whitney Utest to compare differences in habitat characteristics between plots where V.indicawere detected(number of plots N=13)and those where they were not(N=19).These habitat characteristicsincludedthe number of prey animals(murine rodentsand squirrels),tree diameter at breast height,tree height,grass cover,distance to the nearest water source,and distance to thenearest road.Vanderploeg&Scavia’s resource selection index was used to selectthree discrete variables to model civets’habitat preferences:vegetation types,tree canopy,and disturbance intensity.Results:Oursampling effort totaled 24,778 camera days,during which we recorded 48independent detections of V.indicafrom 13 sites,thusconfirming that V.indicawasstablydistributed in the region.The diel activity pattern of the specieswas strictly nocturnal,with a nighttime activity peakaround 22:00.The study suggested that the activities of V.indicadidn’t align withhuman activity,with a very low temporaloverlapindex(∆=0.04)between them.Squirrelshad similar activity rhythmsto humans,which obviously differed from V.indica(∆=0.14).The activity timeof V.indicaand P.bengalensisoverlappedgreatly(∆=0.58),but their activity rh

关 键 词：小灵猫 红外相机 活动节律 栖息地选择 海南 分布 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]