内蒙古典型草原马粪分解过程中节肢动物群落的季节动态变化  

Seasonal dynamics of arthropod communities during horse dung decomposition in Inner Mongolian grasslands

作　　者：程建伟 徐满厚 窦永静 王亚东 王桠楠 刘新民[3] 李永宏 Jianwei Cheng;Manhou Xu;Yongjing Dou;Yadong Wang;Yanan Wang;Xinmin Liu;FrankYonghong Li(Shanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecological Security in Fenhe River Basin,School of Geography Science,Taiyuan Normal University,Jinzhong,Shanxi 030619;Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau,School of Ecology and Environment,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010021;School of Life Science and Technology,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot 010022)

机构地区：[1]太原师范学院地理科学学院汾河流域地表过程与资源生态安全山西省重点实验室,山西晋中030619 [2]内蒙古大学生态与环境学院蒙古高原生态学与资源利用教育部重点实验室,呼和浩特010021 [3]内蒙古师范大学生命科学与技术学院,呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《生物多样性》2024年第6期116-126,共11页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金国际合作与交流项目(3221101980);国家自然科学基金(32071564,41561055);内蒙古科技重大专项(2021ZD0011);山西省基础研发计划项目(202203021222238,202103021224301);山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2022L410)。

摘　　要：地面节肢动物作为陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,在大型食草动物粪便分解中扮演着重要角色。当前动物粪便中节肢动物群落研究主要集中在粪便类型和微生境的作用,而季节或气候状况对粪便中节肢动物群落影响的研究较少。本研究在内蒙古典型草原区,采用野外人工堆置方法,研究不同季节马粪中节肢动物群落的组成和多样性特征,并分析了节肢动物各类群多度与环境因子的关系。结果表明:(1)春夏秋3个季节马粪的初始含水量不存在显著差异(P>0.05);夏季马粪初始有机质含量显著地低于春季和秋季(P<0.05);马粪初始pH在秋季显著地低于春季和夏季(P<0.05)。(2)在马粪分解第3 d和第360 d,秋季马粪中节肢动物群落多度和类群数显著高于春季(P<0.05);在粪块分解第3 d和第7 d,秋季马粪中粪金龟子群落多度和物种数显著高于夏季(P<0.05);在分解第3 d和第7 d,秋季马粪中隐翅虫群落多度和属数显著高于春季和夏季(P<0.05)。研究表明,分解早期粪的有机质含量和含水量对马粪中节肢动物群落组成影响较大,而分解后期节肢动物群落组成主要受土壤温度和湿度的调控。Aims:Ground-active arthropods play a crucial role in the decomposition of organic material in terrestrial ecosystems,yet little is known about how seasonal variations influence dung arthropod communities.Methods:This study conducted a field experiment in Inner Mongolian grasslands to investigate the composition dynamics of the arthropod communities in horse dung excreted during different seasons and analyze their relationship with environmental factors.Results:We found that:(1)Initial water content did not significantly differ across spring,summer,and autumn,but organic matter content was significantly lower in summer dung compared to spring and autumn,while pH was significantly lower in autumn compared to spring and summer.(2)Abundance and group numbers of dung arthropods were significantly higher in autumn horse dung on day 3 and 360 of the decomposition compared to spring horse dung.Similarly,the abundance and species number of dung beetle communities on day 3 and 7 of the decomposition were significantly higher in autumn dung compared to summer.Abundance and generic numbers of Staphylinidae were also substantially higher in autumn dung on day 3 and 7 of the decomposition compared to spring and summer.Conclusion:Early stage decomposition of horse dung is influenced by organic matter and water content,shaping arthropod community composition.Later stages of decomposition are predominantly regulated by soil temperature and moisture.These findings provide a foundation for further research on the complex interplay between seasonal factors and arthropod dynamics during dung decomposition in Inner Mongolian grasslands.

关 键 词：节肢动物 群落动态 季节 粪分解 内蒙古草原 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]