北京市2014-2021年15岁及以上人群吸烟状况及影响因素研究  

Prevalence of tobacco smoking and related factors in people aged 15 years and above in Beijing,2014-2021

作　　者：徐露婷 石建辉[1] 齐力 曹远[1] 刘秀荣[1] Xu Luting;Shi Jianhui;Qi Li;Cao Yuan;Liu Xiurong(Institute of Health Education,Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 100020,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心健康教育所,北京100020

出　　处：《中华流行病学杂志》2024年第7期955-962,共8页Chinese Journal of Epidemiology

摘　　要：目的评价2015年《北京市控制吸烟条例》出台后对2014-2021年≥15岁吸烟人群的作用,探索北京市居民烟草使用行为的影响因素。方法使用混合横断面研究设计,汇总2014、2016、2019和2021年4轮北京市成人烟草监测数据(4轮监测);4轮监测均采用分层多阶段整群概率抽样方法;统计分析过程均经过复杂抽样加权,利用多因素logistic回归探索人群吸烟状况的影响因素。结果2014、2016、2019和2021年分别纳入8484、9372、8534和10551人,北京市≥15岁人群现在吸烟率分别为23.4%、22.3%、20.3%和19.9%,随年份呈线性下降趋势(P=0.010)。年龄为25~44岁(OR=2.22,95%CI:1.68~2.95)、45~64岁(OR=2.64,95%CI:2.06~3.39)、文化程度为高中(OR=0.69,95%CI:0.49~0.95)、大专及以上(OR=0.46,95%CI:0.33~0.63)、知道吸烟会导致脑卒中(OR=0.71,95%CI:0.61~0.81)、知道吸烟会导致肺癌(OR=0.53,95%CI:0.42~0.66)与男性现在吸烟相关,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。在控制混杂因素后,2019年(OR=0.73,95%CI:0.63~0.87,P<0.001)和2021年(OR=0.72,95%CI:0.61~0.88,P<0.001),男性现在吸烟率显著低于立法前的2014年。独居(OR=1.80,95%CI:1.33~2.44)、大专及以上文化程度(OR=0.43,95%CI:0.27~0.69)、从事医生/教师外的其他职业(OR=8.54,95%CI:2.80~26.02)、退休/无职业(OR=9.39,95%CI:3.19~27.65)、知道吸烟会导致心肌梗死(OR=0.58,95%CI:0.39~0.84)、知道吸烟会导致肺癌(OR=0.54,95%CI:0.35~0.83)与女性现在吸烟相关,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。女性吸烟状况在4轮监测中无显著变化。结论北京市控烟立法5年后,男性现在吸烟率显著降低,立法卓有成效。社会人口学因素和烟草危害知识共同影响吸烟状况,应将低文化程度人群、青年男性、女性独居者、从事医生/教师外的其他职业者和退休/无职业者作为下一步控烟工作的重点人群,开展更有针对性的烟草危害知识教育。Objective To evaluate the effect of the implementation of Beijing Smoking Control Regulation in 2015 on the smoking prevalence in people aged≥15 years in Beijing during 2014-2021,and explore factors associated with tobacco use behavior in local population.Methods Using a pooled cross-sectional design,data from Beijing Adult Tobacco Survey in 2014,2016,2019 and 2021(4 surveys)were combined into one dataset.The 4 surveys used same multistage cluster sampling procedure.After complex survey weighting,multiple logistic regression models were constructed to analyze factors influencing smoking status.Results A total of 8484,9372,8534 and 10551 respondents were included in the surveys in 2014,2016,2019 and 2021,respectively.The smoking prevalence rate was 23.4%,22.3%,20.3%and 19.9%,respectively,in Beijing residents aged≥15 years,exhibiting a linear declining trend(P=0.010).Factors associated with current smoking in men were age 25-44 years(OR=2.22,95%CI:1.68-2.95)and 45-64 years,(OR=2.64,95%CI:2.06-3.39),educational level of high school(OR=0.69,95%CI:0.49-0.95)and undergraduate and above(OR=0.46,95%CI:0.33-0.63),and awareness of smoking causing stroke(OR=0.71,95%CI:0.61-0.81),and awareness of smoking causing lung cancer(OR=0.53,95%CI:0.42-0.66),the differences were significant(all P<0.05).After controlling interfering factors,the current smoking prevalence in men in 2019(OR=0.73,95%CI:0.63-0.87,P<0.001)and 2021(OR=0.72,95%CI:0.61-0.88,P<0.001)were significantly lower than that in 2014.Factors associated with current smoking in women were living alone(OR=1.80,95%CI:1.33-2.44),educational level of undergraduate and above(OR=0.43,95%CI:0.27-0.69),other occupations except doctor and teacher(OR=8.54,95%CI:2.80-26.02)or being retired/unemployed(OR=9.39,95%CI:3.19-27.65),and awareness of smoking causing cardiovascular events(OR=0.58,95%CI:0.39-0.84),and awareness of smoking causing lung cancer(OR=0.54,95%CI:0.35-0.83),the differences were significant(all P<0.05).No significant change in smoking status in women was found in

关 键 词：吸烟 烟草使用 健康危险行为 

分 类 号：R163[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]