2005~2022年贵州省都匀市流行性腮腺炎流行特征分析  

Analysis of Epidemic Characteristics of Mumps in Duyun City,Guizhou Province,from 2005 to 2022

作　　者：陈海 CHEN Hai(Duyun City Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Duyun,558000,Guizhou)

机构地区：[1]都匀市疾病预防控制中心,贵州都匀558000

出　　处：《黔南民族医专学报》2024年第2期183-189,共7页Journal of Qiannan Medical College for Nationalities

摘　　要：目的:分析2005~2022年贵州省都匀市流行性腮腺炎流行特征。方法:采用描述性流行病学方法,对中国疾病预防控制系统传染病报告信息管理系统都匀市2005~2022年腮腺炎病例的发生时间、乡镇、人群等相关流行病学特征进行分析。结果:2005~2022年都匀市累计报告腮腺炎病例3859例,年平均发病率为45.11/10万。2020~2022年都匀市腮腺炎发病率波动在12.08/10万~23.98/10万的较低水平,远远低于2019年的59.93/10万。每年呈明显的季节性趋势两个流行高峰:第一个高峰为3~7月,第二个高峰为11月至次年1月。都匀市流行性腮腺炎发病以学生、幼托儿童、散居儿童为主。高发年龄为5~9岁,年均发病率为359.58/10万。男性报告发病率(53.89/10万)高于女性报告发病率(35.75/10万)且差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=155.9,P<0.0001),男女发病数性别比为1.61∶1。2005~2022年都匀市累计报告腮腺炎暴发疫情10起,均为小学或幼儿园内暴发。结论:2005~2022年都匀市腮腺炎发病以5~9岁适龄入学儿童为主,提示应加强含腮腺炎疫苗接种及强化学校晨午检、预防性消毒、定时开窗通风等措施有力切断腮腺炎病毒的传播途径。Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Duyun City,Guizhou Province,from 2005 to 2022.Methods:Descriptive epidemiological methods were employed to analyze the occurrence time,township distribution,population characteristics,and other related epidemiological features of mumps cases reported in Duyun City from 2005 to 2022 through the National Notifiable Disease Reporting Information System of China.Results:A total of 3,859 mumps cases were reported in Duyun City during 2005-2022,with an annual average incidence rate of 45.11 per 100,000 population.From 2020 to 2022,the incidence rate fluctuated at a lower level between 12.08 and 23.98 per 100,000,significantly lower than the rate of 59.93 per 100,000 in 2019.There was a clear seasonal trend with two epidemic peaks each year:the first from March to July and the second from November to January of the following year.Mumps predominantly affected schoolchildren,preschool children,and scattered children in Duyun City,with the highest incidence among children aged 5-9 years at 359.58 per 100,000 annually.The reported incidence rate among males(53.89 per 100,000)was significantly higher than that among females(35.75 per 100,000)(χ^(2)=155.9,P<0.0001),with a male-to-female ratio of 1.61∶1 for case numbers.Ten outbreaks of mumps were cumulatively reported in Duyun City during 2005-2022,all occurring within primary schools or kindergartens.Conclusion:From 2005 to 2022,mumps in Duyun City primarily affected school-aged children aged 5-9 years,suggesting that strengthened vaccination with mumps-containing vaccines,enhanced morning and noon inspections at schools,preventive disinfection,and regular window ventilation could effectively interrupt the transmission of the mumps virus.

关 键 词：流行性腮腺炎 流行病学特征 麻腮风疫苗 

分 类 号：R181.2[医药卫生—流行病学]