正压生物防护头罩防护性能实验研究  

Experimental study on protective performance of positive pressure bio-protective hoods

作　　者：王心淼 房艳华 刘倩静 吴金辉 WANG Xin-miao;FANG Yan-hua;LIU Qian-jing;WU Jin-hui(Academy of Military Sciences,People's Liberation Army,Beijing 100166,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]军事科学院系统工程研究院,北京100166 [2]国家生物防护装备工程技术研究中心检测检验部,天津300161

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2024年第13期2075-2080,共6页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划基金资助项目(2021YFC2600302)。

摘　　要：目的评价典型电动送风式正压生物防护头罩(PPBH)对生物气溶胶和物理气溶胶的防护效果。方法在封闭的微环境模拟舱内,测试4款PPBH(分别编号为A、B、C和D)的送风量、内外压差以及在不同浓度的生物气溶胶和物理气溶胶环境下的向内泄漏率(IL)。结果4款PPBH内外压差和送风量均达到标准要求。PPBH样品A、B和C对生物气溶胶的防护性能较好,PPBH样品D对生物气溶胶的防护性能较差。PPBH样品B对不同浓度的气溶胶的IL均<0.01%,PPBH样品D对不同浓度的气溶胶的IL均>0.01%,PPBH样品A和C对不同浓度的生物气溶胶的IL均<0.01%,但在部分浓度粒径(0.3μm和0.5μm)的物理气溶胶环境下IL>0.01%,随着物理气溶胶浓度的增大,PPBH样品B、C和D的IL上升,在同浓度的物理气溶胶环境中,PPBH对0.3μm的IL大于对0.5μm的IL。在不同浓度的生物气溶胶环境中,PPBH样品A、B和C对应的生物气溶胶IL=0%,而其对应的物理气溶胶IL均>0%。结论PPBH的防护性能受测试气溶胶浓度和粒径影响,测试气溶胶浓度越高、粒径越小,对应IL越高,即浓度偏高或粒径较小时PPBH存在较高的泄漏风险。同一PPBH对生物气溶胶的IL低于物理气溶胶的IL,采用物理气溶胶对PPBH防护性能进行的检测结果便可代表PPBH对生物有害物质的防护水平。OBJECTIVE To evaluate the protective effect of typical electric air supply positive pressure bio-protec-tive hood(PPBH)on bioaerosol and physical aerosol.METHODS The air supply volume and internal and external differential pressure of 4 types of PPBH(denoted as A,B,C and D)were tested in micro-circumstance airtight cabin,and the inward leakage(IL)at different concentrations of bioaerosol and physical aerosol was also tested.RESULTS Both the internal and external differential pressure and the air supply volume of the 4 types of PPBH met the standards.The PPBH sample A,B and C showed good protective performance for the bioaerosol,while the PPBH sample D showed poor protective performance for the bioaerosol.The IL of the PPBH sample B was less than 0.01%against different concentrations of aerosols,the IL of the PPBH sample D was more than 0.01%against different concentration of aerosols,and the IL of both PPBH sample A and C was less than 0.01%against different concentrations of bioaerosols.However,the IL was more than 0.01%against some of the physical aero-sols with the particle diameter of 0.3μm and 0.5μm;with the increase of concentrations of the physical aerosols,the IL of the PPBH sample B,C and D was increased.The IL of the PPBH was greater to the O.3μm than to the O.5μm in the environment of different concentrations of physical aerosols.The IL of the PPBH samples A,B and C was 0%against the bioaerosols in the environment of different concentrations of bioaerosols,while the IL was more than 0%against the physical aerosols.CONCLUSION The protective performance of the PPBH is affected by the concentration and particle diameter of the tested aerosols.The higher the concentration and the smaller the particle diameters,the greater the corresponding IL,indicating that the PPBH is at high risk of leakage when the concentration is high and the particle diameter is small.The IL of the same PPBH is lower to the bioaerosols than to the physical aerosols.The test result for the protective performance of PPBH against t

关 键 词：正压生物防护头罩 防护性能 气溶胶浓度 气溶胶粒径 气溶胶采样 向内泄漏率 实验研究 

分 类 号：R118[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]