高分七号卫星立体影像与激光数据复合测绘处理原理及方法  

Principle and method of GF-7 satellite integrated processing of stereo image and laser data

作　　者：周平 唐新明 ZHOU Ping;TANG Xinming(Land Satellite Remote Sensing Application Center,Ministry of Natural Resources of P.R.China,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部国土卫星遥感应用中心,北京100048

出　　处：《遥感学报》2024年第6期1539-1550,共12页NATIONAL REMOTE SENSING BULLETIN

基　　金：高分辨率对地观测系统重大专项(民用部分)(编号:42-Y30B04-9001-19/21,11-Y20A13-9001-17/18)。

摘　　要：高分七号卫星(GF-7)是全球首颗同步搭载了光学立体相机和激光测高仪的对地观测卫星,其可以同时获取亚米分辨率的两线阵光学立体影像和稀疏地面激光高程点。为保障GF-7卫星能够实现全球范围1∶1万比例尺立体测图精度,本文根据光学相机和激光测高仪工作过程中的误差传播机理,分析了利用激光高程点提升立体影像高程精度的基本原理;设计了一种GF-7立体影像与激光高程点复合测绘处理方法,构建了激光高程点在立体影像上自动精确量测方法、激光高程点与立体影像联合区域网平差模型等,力求通过激光高程点实现立体影像高程精度的来有效提升。为验证本文所述方法的有效性,选取了河北省北部区域70景GF-7立体影像和463个激光高程点开展复合测绘处理试验。结果表明:立体影像在平地、丘陵、山地、高山地和全区域的高程中误差分别由原来的3.00 m、4.68 m、2.86 m、2.48 m和3.19 m,降低至0.35 m、0.66 m、0.74 m、0.91 m和0.68 m;平面中误差分别是4.99 m、3.52 m、4.42 m、5.99 m和4.82 m。影像平面和高程精度均能满足中国1∶1万比例尺立体测图的精度要求。此外,采用本文所述方法构建的GF-7立体影像与激光高程点复合测绘处理系统已在GF-7卫星牵头主用户单位实现业务化应用,对未来全球范围1∶1万比例尺地理信息资源建设具有重要意义。The GF-7 satellite is the world’s first Earth observation satellite synchronously equipped with an optical stereo camera and an operational laser altimeter,which can simultaneously obtain submeter resolution dual linear-array stereo images and sparse ground Laser Altimetry Points(LAPs).LAPs can be used for improving the elevation accuracy of stereo images to ensure that the GF-7 satellite can be applied to the global 1:10,000-scale stereo mapping.On the basis of the error propagation principle of the working processes of satellite cameras and laser altimeter,the basic principles of improving the elevation accuracy of stereo images by utilizing LAPs was first analyzed in this study.Then,an integrated processing method of GF-7 satellite stereo images and LAPs,including the construction of precise measurement method of LAPs on stereo images and the combined block adjustment model of LAPs and stereo images,was designed.Finally,the elevation accuracy of the stereo images was effectively improved.A total of 70 stereo images and 463 LAPs of the GF-7 satellite in the northern region of Hebei Province,China,were selected to conduct integrated processing experiments.Results show that the vertical Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)of stereo images in the flat,hilly,mountainous,high-mountainous,and entire regions was reduced from the original 3.0,4.68,2.86,2.48,and 3.19 m to 0.35,0.66,0.74,0.91,and 0.68 m,respectively,and the horizontal RMSE of stereo images was 4.99,3.52,4.42,5.99,and 4.82 m,respectively.These results reveal that the horizontal and vertical accuracy of the GF-7 stereo images satisfied the accuracy requirements of China’s 1∶10,000-scale mapping.At present,the integrated processing software system of GF-7 satellite stereo images and LAPs constructed by the method described in this study has achieved business application,which is vital for the future construction of global 1∶10000-scale geographical information resources.

关 键 词：遥感 高分七号卫星 立体影像 激光高程点 复合测绘处理 1∶10000比例尺测图 

分 类 号：P228.3[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程] P237[天文地球—测绘科学与技术] P2