民法典体系下动产抵押权善意取得的规范续造  

Norm Construction on Bona Fide Acquisition of Chattel Mortgages under the System of the Chinese Civil Code

作　　者：黄家镇 HUANG Jiazhen

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学民商法学院

出　　处：《法学研究》2024年第4期76-93,共18页Chinese Journal of Law

基　　金：国家社科基金西部项目“《中国民法典》中的方法论规范研究”(22XFX013)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：我国民法上的所有权善意取得规范在准用于动产抵押权善意取得案件时,出现了裁判规范构成要件样态混乱、要件认定标准不统一等问题。相关问题的理论研究也未形成共识。因被准用规范的构造未顾及动产抵押权的特性,无法为后者的善意取得提供足够的参照供给,故比照前者进行要件修改增删的一般准用方法已无法满足裁判需要,法官必须进行法律续造。动产抵押权善意取得规范应分二阶构造。第一阶层是所有动产抵押权变动的前提性条件,即须抵押合同有效和主债权存续,否则无需进入后续考察。在第二阶层,因动产抵押权的权利构造不同于所有权,其善意取得无需合理价格要件。为避免善意取得的抵押权因未登记而无对抗力的无意义状态,登记应作为构成要件。考虑到不同动产抵押法律基础条件的差异,善意的认定标准应有所不同。就特殊动产而言,抵押权人查询登记信息并考察占有等情况仍无法发现处分权瑕疵的,可认定为善意;就一般动产而言,在所有权人主张权利或主张善意取得抵押权的当事人实行抵押权时,该当事人仍无重大过失地不知处分权瑕疵,方可认定为善意。When the norms of bona fide acquisition of ownership are applied mutatis mutandis to chattel mortgages,the norms constructed by judges have significant problems such as confusion in the pattern of constituent elements and inconsistency in the standard of these elements.Such issues also exist in theoretical researches.Since the norms applied did not take the characteristics of chattel mortgages into account,they fail to provide sufficient references for bona fide acquisition of chattel mortgages,and the method of simply adding or subtracting constituent elements cannot meet the needs in judicial practice.The norms on bona fide acquisition of chattel mortgages should be constructed in two stages.The first stage consists of prerequisite requirements,which include a valid mortgage contract and a valid principal claim,without either of which there is no need to proceed to the next stage.In the second stage,different from the ownership bona fide acquisition,a reasonable price is not a constituent element in chattel mortgages bona fide acquisition.To avoid the meaningless status in which the mortgagee cannot be against the owner due to the lack of registration,registration should also become as a constituent element.In addition,based on the differences in the legal basis conditions of different types of chattels,the criteria for determining their bona fide nature are different accordingly.The mortgagee of a special chattel can be deemed to be in good faith if he/she is unable to find any defects in the disposition right by both inquiring about it in the registry and examining its state of possession.As to the general chattel,a party can be deemed to be in good faith only if he/she remains unaware of the defects in the disposition right without gross negligence when the owner claims his rights or when the party claiming mortgage bona fide acquisition enforces the mortgage and possesses the chattels or applies to the court for seizure of the chattels.

关 键 词：动产抵押权 善意取得 法律续造 参照适用 动产和权利担保统一登记 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学]