民法典的精神损害赔偿体系——以功能主义为视角  

The System of Damages for Non-pecuniary Losses in the Chinese Civil Code

作　　者：洪国盛 HONG Guosheng

机构地区：[1]北京大学国际法学院

出　　处：《法学研究》2024年第4期94-112,共19页Chinese Journal of Law

摘　　要：民法典第583条、第996条、第1183条虽均涉及精神损害赔偿,但制度功能的差异决定三者在保护范围与具体适用方面存在根本区别,确立了民法典精神损害赔偿的“三源并流”体系。具体而言,第583条经由保护交易满足个性化的精神需求,贯彻合同编保护私人自治、执行自愿交易的宗旨,促进人格自由发展与社会多元。第996条通过扩大责任主体和提升保护义务标准,实现人格权编强化合同关系下人格权保护的要求。第1183条旨在强化人身权益保护,精细化地服务于侵权编衡平行为自由与权益保护的整体目标。此外,制度功能差异决定了第996条和第1183条之精神损害“严重”要件应采不同标准,第583条则不应存在该限制要件。Although articles 583,996,and 1183 of the Chinese Civil Code all pertain to damages for non-pecuniary losses,their different functions result in distinct scopes of protection and application,forming the"three-source concurrent flow"system of damages for non-pecuniary losses.Specifically,Article 583 protects transactions to satisfy personalized emotional needs and supports the aim of the contract law to uphold private autonomy and voluntary transactions,thereby promoting personal development and societal diversity.To achieve the goals of the personality rights law,Article 996 extends the protection of personality rights within contractual relationships by broadening the scope of liable parties and raising the standard of protective obligations.Article 1183 aims to reinforce the protection of personal rights and interests,meticulously serving the overall objective of the tort law to balance behavioral freedom with rights protection.Due to these functional differences,different standards should be adopted for the"severity"requirement of emotional distress in articles 996 and 1183,while Article 583 should not be subject to this restriction.

关 键 词：精神损害赔偿 违约精神损害赔偿 人格权 严重精神损害 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]