“六事”视野中的清代则例  

Zeli of the Qing Dynasty from the Perspective of"Six Affairs"

作　　者：陈煜[1] CHEN Yu

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法律史学研究院

出　　处：《法学研究》2024年第4期186-204,共19页Chinese Journal of Law

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“清代宫廷司法研究”(22BFX162)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：清代则例和《大清律例》一起,构成了清代法制体系的主要方面。作为法律制度,则例构成了各部院实行“治”“教”“礼”“政”“刑”“事”等“六事”的依据。且较之于律例,则例的“官僚法”性质更加突出,充分显示了“官法同构”的特色。这从其编纂体例上注重“设官分职”、思想精神上强调“严以治吏”、核心价值上注重“一准乎礼”这三个方面可以得到充分证明。作为“官法”,则例使得官僚系统在对“六事”的处理上趋于规范,但也开其因循守旧之渐。但无论是将则例视为官制官规,还是将则例作为档案编纂或是“行政备忘录”,其所揭橥之“六事”精髓,皆是我们深入理解清代法制乃至传统法制的锁钥。同时,其对于当代治国理政,不啻为一部活生生的教科书。Zeli(regulations),together with the Great Qing Legal Code,constituted the main aspects of the legal system of the Qing Dynasty.As a legal institution,zeli constituted the basis for various ministries to handle"six affairs",namely"official affairs","financial affairs","ritual affairs","military affairs","criminal punishment affairs",and"engineering affairs".Compared to law codes,zeli had a stronger color of"bureaucratic law",fully demonstrating the characteristic of the"isomorphism between bureaucratic establishment and legal system".This can be fully demonstrated from three aspects,that is,the emphasis on"setting up position and responsibility of officials"in compilation style,the emphasis on"strictly governing officials"in ideological and spiritual aspects,and the emphasis on"adhering to propriety"in core values.As an"official law",zeli had made the bureaucratic system more standardized in handling the"six affairs",but they had also led to a gradual conservatism.However,whether treating zeli as official regulations or compiling them as archives or"administrative memorandums",the essence of the"six affairs"explained by them is the key to our deep understanding of the legal system of the Qing Dynasty and even the traditional Chinese legal system.Meanwhile,they serve as a living textbook for contemporary governance.

关 键 词：六事 清代则例 设官分职 严以治吏 一准乎礼 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学] D929[历史地理—中国史]