Bell不等式的直观解释与研究进展  

Intuitive Interpretation and Research Progress of Bell Inequality

作　　者：尤世欣 袁晨智 金锐博[1] YOU Shi-xin;YUAN Chen-zhi;JIN Rui-bo(Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition,Wuhan Institute of Technology,Wuhan 430205,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉工程大学光学信息与模式识别湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430205

出　　处：《量子光学学报》2024年第2期1-17,共17页Journal of Quantum Optics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(12074299,11704290);湖北省自然科学基金(2022CFA039)。

摘　　要：2022年诺贝尔物理学奖授予了A. Aspect、J. Clauser和A. Zeilinger三位科学家,以表彰他们在利用纠缠光子实验验证Bell不等式违背以及开创量子信息科学方面的贡献。本文以EPR佯谬作为起点,概述了其催生Bell不等式的历史进程,进一步着重阐述了Bell不等式及其与实验紧密结合的变种—CHSH不等式的数学形式和物理意义,然后使用文氏图直观地展示了两种Bell不等式的几何化推导过程,最后简要地介绍了Bell不等式的研究进展。本文有望帮助读者对Bell不等式这一重要概念获得直观理解。The proposition of Bell inequality arises from the exploration of fundamental contradictions between quantum mechanics and classical physics. J. Bell sought to settle the ongoing debates among physicists such as A. Einstein, M. Born, and N. Bohr regarding quantum mechanics, particularly focusing on whether the hypothesis of local hidden variables could account for the physical properties of entangled states. If this hypothesis was valid, it would provide stronger support local realism in classical physics. To test this hypothesis, J. Bell proposed an inequality, known as Bell inequality, which provides an empirical method for verifying the non-classical characteristics of quantum theory.Bell inequality is of paramount importance. Firstly, in the exploration of fundamental physical laws, Bell inequality can be utilized to experimentally verify the non-classicality of quantum mechanics, deepening our understanding of the quantum world and advancing the further development of physics. Secondly, through a thorough investigation of Bell inequality, it is possible to develop more secure and efficient quantum communication technologies, as well as promote the development of fields such as quantum computing and quantum networks.However, explaining Bell inequality is not straightforward. This inequality involves basic concepts such as probability and measurement, employing assumptions like realism and locality that have been ingrained into foundational thinking through classical physics research. Moreover, its mathematical form and derivation process are relatively complex, requiring profound knowledge of mathematics and physics for comprehension. Therefore, establishing an intuitive understanding of Bell inequality can effectively facilitate its research and application.To facilitate a simpler and more intuitive understanding of Bell inequality, this paper provides a review on Bell inequality's intuitive explanation and research progress. This paper is organized as follows: The first part introduces the controversies fac

关 键 词：BELL不等式 局域性 实在性 文氏图 2022年诺贝尔物理学奖 

分 类 号：O413[理学—理论物理]