“生物个体”概念的分析与界定  

Analysis and Definition of the Concept of “Biological Individual”

作　　者：万小龙 徐亮 桂起权[3] WAN Xiao-long;XU Liang;GUI Qi-quan(School of Marxism,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu 611731;College of Politics Science and Public Administration,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang 453007;School of Philosophy,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]电子科技大学马克思主义学院,成都611731 [2]河南师范大学政治与公共管理学院,新乡453007 [3]武汉大学哲学学院,武汉430072

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2024年第6期30-35,61,共7页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学重点项目“量子物理学前沿哲学反思与整体论创新”(22AZX004);国家重点研发计划项目“合成生物学伦理、政策法规框架研究”(2018YFA0902400);华中科技大学国家治理研究院项目“大数据时代生物样本库的伦理问题和管理政策研究”(2019GJZL003)。

摘　　要：生物世界是由个体组成的,但(生物)个体是一个有待分析的概念。它并不等同于我们通常所说的生物体,而是一个包含多层级结构、多个体性的综合概念。生物个体按照层级可划分为基因个体、细胞个体、生物体个体、群组个体和物种个体,而按照个体性又可划分为进化个体、生理个体、遗传个体、功能个体和发育个体等。此外对生物个体的界定还应考虑其时空维度、生化规律,将其看作统一的单元、完整的单元。The biological world is composed of individuals,but(biological)individuals are a concept that needs to be analyzed.It is not equivalent to what we commonly refer to as an organism,but rather a comprehensive concept that includes multi-level structures and multiple individuality.Biological individuals can be divided into gene individuals,cellular individuals,biological individuals,group individuals,and species individuals according to their hierarchy,while they can also be divided into evolutionary individuals,physiological individuals,genetic individuals,functional individuals,and developmental individuals according to their individuality.In addition,the definition of biological individuals should also consider their spatial and temporal dimensions,biochemical laws,and treat them as a unified and complete unit.

关 键 词：生物学哲学 生物个体 生物体 多元主义 生物体中心 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]