博物教育规范及方法刍议  

Discussion on the Standards and Methods of Bowu Education

作　　者：李润虎 LI Run-hu(Department of Comprehensive Research in History of Science and Technology,Institute for the History of Natural Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院自然科学史研究所科技史综合研究室,北京100190

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2024年第6期136-144,共9页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：亿华海景横向课题“当代博物教育课程与教材建设研究”(2019BW001);国家自然科学基金委项目“主要科技强国科研资助体系和机构应对重大挑战的历史研究”(L2224009);中国科学院自然科学史研究所所列项目“中国科技传统及其现实意义研究”(E3293G02)。

摘　　要：博物教育的提出与推展是对现行基础教育理解的一次根本性革新,也是对近20年基础教育课程改革的一次视域调整。与数理教育不同,博物教育规范和方法要求教育主体在面对和使用这些规范和方法时,既要避免陷入传统“主-客体二元论”的教育误区中,又要在此基础上注意协调“对象、内容和环境”三者之间的关系,使博物教育内容在与环境互动中开展,也就是既通过环境“过滤”,找到不同环境中最适合的教育形态,也利用和照顾环境以充分发挥环境作用以实现双向积极互动。正是在此情况下,博物教育有别于环境教育的特性得以彰显,其与数理教育之教育主体的不同特性也随之显明。博物教育的规范规定了教育主体应具有的必备素质和基本要求,是博物教育得以顺利展开的根本保障。The proposal and promotion of Bowu education is a fundamental reform of the current understanding of basic education,and also a visual adjustment of the curriculum reform of basic education in the past 20 years.Unlike mathematical education,the standard and methods of Bowu education require educational subjects to avoid falling into the traditional “subject-object dualism” educational misconceptions when facing and using these standard and methods.On this basis,they should also pay attention to coordinating the relationship between “object,content,and environment”,so that Bowu education content can be carried out in interaction with the environment.This means that through environmental filtering,the most suitable educational form in different environments can be found,and the environment can be utilized and taken care of to fully play the role of the environment and achieve two-way positive interaction.It is in this situation that the characteristics of Bowu education,which are different from environmental education,are highlighted,and its different characteristics from the educational subject of mathematical education are also highlighted.The norms of museum education stipulate the essential qualities and basic requirements that educational subjects should possess,which is the fundamental guarantee for the smooth development of Bowu education.

关 键 词：博物教育 规范 方法 环境 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]