确认合同解除主张程序的诉讼法检视——兼评《民法典》第565条第2款  

Review of the Procedural Law of the Declaratory Judgment for Confirmation of the Claim of Contractual Rescission——Comment on Article 565,Paragraph 2,of the Civil Code

作　　者：杨秀清[1] 周远航 YANG Xiu-qing;ZHOU Yuan-hang

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学

出　　处：《北方法学》2024年第4期5-19,共15页Northern Legal Science

基　　金：中国政法大学校级项目“诉的种类与我国民事诉讼的基本架构”的研究成果。

摘　　要：《民法典》第565条第2款规定的确认合同解除主张程序无法满足实体法应与民事诉讼法基本原理相契合的体系化要求。该方案将“当事人向法院主张解除合同”与“当事人行使解除权”相等同,混淆了起诉行为与普通形成权行使的意义,忽视了起诉状副本“送达”与意思表示“到达”的区别。因此,基于“有争议才有诉”的民事诉讼基本原理重新审视,当事人未经通知直接提起主张解除合同的确认之诉,因缺失确认利益而不具有合法性,法院应裁定驳回起诉。这符合当事人诉权保护的要求,有益于避免当事人承担更重的时间及经济成本,化解诉讼费用不当分配的问题。Article 565,paragraph 2 of the Civil Code stipulates declaratory judgment for confirmation of the claim of contractual rescission,which is a legislative solution to the inconsistency of judgment in practice,and fails to meet the systematic requirement that the substantive law should be compatible with the principles of the Civil Procedure Law.This solution equates the“parties to the court claim for contract cancellation”and“parties to exercise the right of cancellation”two elements,confuses the significance of the act of filing a lawsuit with that of the exercise of an ordinary formative right,ignores the difference between the“service”of the copy of the indictment and the“arrival”of the declaration of will.Therefore,based on the basic theory of Civil Procedure Law,“no disputes,no lawsuits”to reexamine,declaratory judgment for confirmation of the claim of contractual rescission doesn't have legitimacy due to the lack of the interest to declaratory judgment,the people's court or arbitral institution should rule to dismiss the lawsuit.This meets the requirement of protecting the party's right of action,and is conducive to avoiding the parties bearing more heavy time and economic costs,to solve the problem of improper allocation of litigation costs.

关 键 词：合同解除 确认之诉 诉的利益 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学] D925.1[政治法律—法学]