论契约说视角下公司章程的约束力  

Research on Binding Force of the Company's Articles of Association From the Perspective of Contractual Theory

作　　者：葛伟军 GE Wei-jun

机构地区：[1]复旦大学法学院

出　　处：《北方法学》2024年第4期83-97,共15页Northern Legal Science

基　　金：2021年国家社会科学基金一般项目“受益股东的法律地位及权利保护研究”(21BFX096)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：公司章程的约束力兼具规则性和合同性两个方面。在契约说下,公司章程条款可分为股东身份条款和非股东身份条款,前者在股东和股东之间、股东和公司之间产生合同性约束力,而后者则没有。理解对内效力时,应当将内部人限定于以股东身份行事的股东,从而将外部人的范围扩大至以非股东身份行事的股东、董监高、员工以及公司债权人等。新《公司法》第5条沿袭原《公司法》第11条,深受自治规范说的影响,而掩盖了契约说的意蕴。该条款所称的约束力如果是指规则性约束力,那么应当扩大受约束对象的范围;如果是指合同性约束力,则应当删除董监高。章程的合同性来源于章程作为股东合意的本质属性。应当重新认识契约说,并使其发挥更为积极的作用。The binding force of the company's articles of association has both regular and contractual aspects.Under the contract theory,the articles of association can be divided into shareholder status clauses and non-shareholder status clauses,the former creating contractual binding force between shareholders and shareholders,and between shareholders and the company,while the latter does not.When understanding internal effectiveness,it is necessary to limit insiders to shareholders acting in the capacity of shareholders,so as to expand the scope of outsiders to shareholders,directors,supervisors,senior executives,employees,and creditors of the company who act in the capacity of non-shareholders.Article 5 of the new Company Law follows Article 11 of the original Company Law,which is deeply influenced by the normative doctrine of autonomy and obscures the implication of the contract doctrine.If the binding force referred to in this article refers to the binding force of regulations,then the scope of the subject matter should be expanded;If it refers to contractual binding,then the directors,supervisors and senior executives should be deleted.The contractual nature of the articles of association comes from the essential attribute of the articles of association as the agreement of shareholders.The doctrine of contract should be re-understood and given a more positive role.

关 键 词：公司章程 契约说 规则性约束力 合同性约束力 股东身份条款 

分 类 号：D922.291.91[政治法律—经济法学]