农业文化遗产地农户传统生态意识对旅游生计选择的影响  

Influence of Traditional Ecological Awareness of Rural Households on Tourism Livelihood Options in Agricultural Heritage Sites

作　　者：王博杰 何思源 闵庆文[1,2] 孙业红 WANG Bojie;HE Siyuan;MIN Qingwen;SUN Yehong(Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Tourism College,Beijing Union University,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049 [3]北京联合大学旅游学院,北京100101

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2024年第7期98-111,共14页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“旅游扰动与农业文化遗产地韧性的互动响应关系研究”(41971264);广东省潮州市“潮州凤凰单丛茶文化系统申报全球重要农业文化遗产项目”(445101-2022-00209)共同资助。

摘　　要：旅游生计是实现农户传统生计转换的重要途径,但目前对农户支持旅游生计选择的影响机制尚缺乏清晰的认知。文章以“认知-情感-意向”关系理论为基础,从农业文化遗产地农户传统生态意识视角构建了影响农户旅游生计选择的机制理论模型,并以中国重要农业文化遗产——广东潮安凤凰单丛茶文化系统为例,结合偏最小二乘法结构方程模型(PLS-SEM)和模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)进行实证分析。结果表明:1)传统生态意识下的责任意识和规约意识能够促进生态情感的形成,并最终影响农户支持旅游生计的选择;2)农户生计类型调节了通过生态情感的传统生态责任意识和传统生态规约意识对支持旅游生计选择的影响;3)不同生计类型的农户由于生计资本和生计偏好不同,对于旅游生计策略的选择呈现出不同的避险和分化趋势;4)支持农户旅游生计选择的前因条件变量是复杂和交互协同的,没有单一变量可以决定农户的旅游生计选择行为。研究对于理解农户参与旅游生计行为的复杂交互和协同机制具有一定的助益,并为获取居民对旅游开发的支持、推动农业文化遗产地及其他乡村旅游目的地的旅游发展具有理论与实践意义。Tourism livelihood is an important way to transform the traditional livelihoods of rural households.Although tourism offers potential enhancements to traditional rural livelihoods,the mechanisms influencing rural households'endorsement of these alternatives remain poorly understood.Drawing on the“cognitive-emotional-intentional"relationship theory,this study develops a theoretical framework to explore the determinants of rural households'option for tourism livelihoods,with a focus on their traditional ecological awareness at agricultural heritage site.The study utilizes the China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage System(China-NIAHS),the Guangdong Chaoan Fenghuangdancong Tea Cultural System as an empirical site.The analysis employs a mixed-method approach,combining partial least squares structural equation modelling(PLS-SEM)and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA).The results reveal that:1)awareness of traditional ecological responsibilities and regulations enhances ecological emotions,thereby bolstering rural households'support for tourism-driven livelihoods;2)the type of livelihood moderates the influence of traditional ecological responsibilities and regulations through environmental emotions on this support;3)strategies for tourism livelihood exhibit diverse trends of risk aversion and differentiation among households,driven by variations in livelihood capital and preferences;4)the drivers of tourism livelihood options are multifaceted and interactive,with no single factor solely determining these decisions.This study advances the understanding of the complex interplay driving rural households'engagement in tourism livelihoods and offers significant theoretical and practical implications for fostering community support for tourism initiatives at agricultural heritage sites and other rural tourism destinations.

关 键 词：旅游生计 传统生态意识 生态情感 社区旅游 农业文化遗产 

分 类 号：F59[经济管理—旅游管理]