从政策到法治:中国突发事件报道的规制演进——基于《突发事件应对法》设立“新闻采访制度”条款的分析  

From Policy to Rule of Law:The Regulatory Evolution of Emergency Reporting

作　　者：陈堂发 Chen Tangfa

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学媒体与传播学院,上海200240

出　　处：《传媒观察》2024年第7期43-49,共7页Media Observer

摘　　要：新修订的《突发事件应对法》设立“新闻采访制度”专门条款,授权媒体对突发事件的报道与舆论监督权,使得突发事件的媒体报道由单一的政策手段规制变为政策手段、法治手段并存的混合规制。以往突发事件报道的政策规制以报道的政治影响、社会影响为导向,这种情境下的媒体政策性权利可救济性较弱。该法设立的突发事件媒体报道条款既凸显了新闻报道的义务本位即“及时、准确、客观”,亦授予义务本位前提下的“采访报道和舆论监督”权利,强调权利、义务的一致性。这是媒体权益保障的一种积极探索。报道权作为法定权利的价值在于可救济性,报道权的救济存在两种途径:一是媒体机构或记者向行政提请复议或向人民法院提起行政诉讼,二是媒体机构或记者之外的第三方向人民法院提出行政公益诉讼。行政诉讼或行政公益诉讼的成立有两个条件:一是满足诉的利益,二是被告存在行政不作为的诉因。Emergency Response Law newly revised establishes a special provision of news interview system,which authorizes the media to report emergencies,it means that emergencies reporting is regulated by from a single policy means to a mixed regulation of policy and legal means.The policy regulation is guided by the political and social influence of reporting,and the media rights obtained are less available.The new clause of emergency reporting not only highlights the obligation standard of news reporting,which is timely,accurate and objective,but also grants the right to reporting and supervision by public opinion under the premise of the obligation standard,emphasizing the consistency of rights and obligations.The right to reporting confirmed by legal can be guaranteed through litigation:Media organizations or journalists may apply for administrative for reconsideration or file an administrative lawsuit to court,or an administrative public interest litigation to court filed by third party subject other than media organizations or journalists.The establishment of administrative litigation or administrative public litigation is not only to satisfy the interests of the lawsuit,but also defendant have the reason of administrative omission.

关 键 词：突发事件 报道权 政策规制 法律规制 权利救济 行政公益诉讼 

分 类 号：G210[文化科学—新闻学]