议政王大臣会议与康熙统一台湾的决策  

The Council of Princes and Ministers and Kangxi's Decision to Unify Taiwan

作　　者：刘灿 Liu Can

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院近代史研究所

出　　处：《台湾历史研究》2024年第3期58-72,共15页Taiwan History Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“19世纪上半叶清朝的边疆与边政研究”(编号22&ZD231)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：议政王大臣会议是清初统治集团内部决策军机要务的重要形式,在康熙朝统一地区战略制定、军队调遣、将领选任等方面发挥主导作用。清廷原本希望通过皇族宗亲参预决策、率军出征以巩固政权,展现八旗劲旅的威力。然而议政王公临阵畏敌怠战、固守满汉域藩篱的表现,令中枢决策难以有效落实。从构建稳定统治格局的长远考虑出发,康熙帝着意限制参与议政的宗室员额。议政王大臣会议的重心,由此逐渐向兼具内阁大学士身份的索额图、明珠等重臣转移,并出现容纳汉族学士谏议的态势。中枢权力结构的变化促动了八旗驻防体制在东南沿海地区的建立,为清政府将台湾收归版图有效治理奠定了稳固的后方基础。The Council of Princes and Ministers(Yizhengwang dachen huiyi)was a significant decisionmaking body within the ruling elite of the early Qing dynasty.It played a crucial role in the formulation of military strategies,the dispatch of troops,and the selection of generals during Emperor Kangxi's campaign to unify Taiwan.Initially,the Qing court aimed to consolidate power by involving members of the imperial family in decision-making and leading military campaigns.This was intended to reinforce the authority of the regime and showcase the might of the Eight Banners army.However,the reluctance of the imperial princes to engage in battle,coupled with their tendency to adhere strictly to ethnic divisions between the Manchus and Han Chinese,hindered the effective implementation of central decisions.Recognizing the need for a stable governance structure in the long term,Emperor Kangxi made a conscious effort to limit the number of imperial clan members involved in the Council.Subsequently,the focus of the Council of Princes and Ministers gradually shifted towards key officials who held dual roles as Grand Secretaries of the Inner Cabinet,such as Songgotu and Mingzhu.This shift also marked a growing trend of incorporating Han Chinese scholars into advisory roles.The changes in the central power structure facilitated the establishment of the Eight Banners garrison system in the southeastern coastal areas.This,in turn,laid a solid foundation for the Qing government to successfully incorporate Taiwan into its territory and govern it effectively.

关 键 词：议政王大臣会议 统一台湾 中枢决策 康熙帝 

分 类 号：K249.3[历史地理—历史学] D691[历史地理—中国史]