灰岩矿溜井开挖支护与降段爆破参数优化  

Optimization of parameters of excavation support and down-section blasting in limestone ore pass

作　　者：牛帅 刘少伟[1] 樊克松 李小鹏 郭泽政 NIU Shuai;LIU Shaowei;FAN Kesong;LI Xiaopeng;GUO Zezheng(School of Energy Science and Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454000,Henan,China;School of Mechanical and Power Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454000,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学能源科学与工程学院,河南焦作454000 [2]河南理工大学机械与动力工程学院,河南焦作454000

出　　处：《河南理工大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第5期28-35,共8页Journal of Henan Polytechnic University（Natural Science）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52074102);辽宁省自然科学联合开放基金资助项目(2022-KF-23-08);河南省重点研发与推广专项项目(232102221034)。

摘　　要：“贮矿降段法”是溜井口在露天矿中随露天开采向下进行而延伸的一种溜井降段方法,常用多孔爆破方式进行溜井降段。目的降段过程中,维持溜井井壁的稳定性是生产过程中的重要环节,但溜井内部状态具有不可视性,因此,研究溜井爆破降段前井口的合理支护方式和爆破降段时更优的爆破参数对溜井井壁稳定性尤为重要。方法基于某灰岩矿溜井,对溜井井壁稳定性影响进行理论分析,研究溜井降段前与爆破降段时井壁稳定性,通过数值模拟手段研究溜井掘进后不同支护条件下及多次爆破降段时井壁稳定性。结果研究结果揭示了爆破产生的扰动对井口和井壁影响程度与井筒距爆破中心距离呈负相关关系,明确了掘进后和爆破降段时溜井的应力分布和井壁破坏规律,确定了更为合理的井口支护方式。结论在此灰岩矿溜井井口进行C40级混凝土支护,可有效削弱日常爆破开采产生的震动对井口围岩的破坏,确定爆破辅助孔底盘抵抗距3.5 m,孔距3.5 m,排距3.5 m时更加合理,为爆破降段过程的安全性提供理论依据和参考价值。The method of“ore storage down-section”is a technique in which the down-section extends with the progression of open-pit mining.Objectives The stability of the chute’s shaft wall is a crucial aspect during the down-section process,but the internal state of the chute is invisible.Therefore,it is particularly impor-tant to study the appropriate support mode for the wellhead before down-section blasting and to optimize the blasting parameters for stability during the down-section process.Methods Based on a limestone mine chute,a theoretical analysis was conducted to assess the impact on chute wall stability.The stability of the chute wall was studied before and during the blasting down-section.Numerical simulations were employed to investigate the stability of the chute wall under different support conditions after excavation and through mul-tiple blasting events.Results The findings revealed that the impact degree of disturbances caused by blast-ing on the wellhead and shaft wall was negatively correlated with the distance between the shaft and the blasting center.The stress distribution and failure patterns of the chute wall after excavation and during the blasting down-section were identified,leading to the determination of a more reasonable wellhead support method.Conclusions Supporting the shaft head of the limestone mine with C40 grade concrete could effec-tively mitigate the damage to the surrounding rock caused by vibrations from daily blasting.The optimal pa-rameters identified included a resistance distance of 3.5 m for the auxiliary hole chassis,a hole distance of 3.5 m,and a row distance of 3.5 m.These findings offered a theoretical foundation and reference value for enhancing the safety of the blasting down-section process.

关 键 词：溜井 降段 爆破参数 井口支护 井壁稳定性 

分 类 号：TD872[矿业工程—非金属矿开采]