刑事诉讼中个人信息保护的模式选择及其制度完善  

Mode Choice and System Perfection of Personal Information Protection in Criminal Procedure

作　　者：钱程 Qian Cheng

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学法学院

出　　处：《法治社会》2024年第4期91-103,共13页Law-Based Society

基　　金：辽宁省社会科学规划基金青年项目“智慧侦查场域中的个人信息保护研究”(项目批准号:L23CFX005)的研究成果。

摘　　要：个人信息保护权承载数字时代公民的人格尊严与自由平等价值,具有基本权特点和宪法可解释性,作为基本权利导入刑事诉讼程序具有必要性和可能性。我国刑事诉讼领域个人信息保护应以个人信息权与隐私权共同作为权利基础,构建个人信息权与隐私权结合的复合型权利保护模式。在权利保护层面,以隐私标准作为划分依据,将个人信息分为一般信息与隐私信息,对应个人信息权的一般保护规则和隐私权的更高程度的保护规则,通过信息知情权、信息决定权、信息访问权、信息更正权、信息删除权与解释说明权六项子权利提供全过程、合比例的保护。在权力规制层面,以法律保留原则与比例原则作为主要规范工具,明确公安司法机关干预个人信息的授权条款和保护个人信息的义务条款,完善干预行为的权责配置,对干预行为进行合比例的程序规制。在制度衔接层面,将个人信息保护规则适度引入刑事诉讼制度,有效衔接个人信息保护法与刑事诉讼法规定,强化规范公安司法机关处理个人信息行为。The right to personal information protection bears the personal dignity,freedom and equality of citizens in the digital age.It has the characteristics of a basic right and is interpretable in the Constitution.It is necessary and possible to introduce it into criminal proceedings as a basic right.The protection of personal information in the field of criminal procedure in China shall take the right to personal information and the right to privacy as the basis of rights,and build a compound right protection model combining the right to personal information and the right to privacy.In the aspect of right protection,according to privacy standards,personal information is divided into general information and private information,corresponding to the general protection rules of the right to personal information and the higher protection rules of the right to privacy.The whole process and proportional protection is provided through six sub-rights:the right to know information,the right to determine information,the right to access information,the right to correct information,the right to delete information and the right to explain.In the aspect of power regulation,the principle of legal reservation and the principle of proportion are used as the main normative tools to clarify the authorization clauses of public security and judicial organs to intervene in personal information and the obligation clauses to protect personal information,improve the allocation of powers and responsibilities for intervention behaviors,and carry out proportional procedural regulations on intervention behaviors.In the aspect of system convergence,personal information protection rules should be appropriately introduced into the criminal procedure system,effectively linking the provisions of the Personal Information Protection Law and the Criminal Procedure Law,and strengthening and standardizing the handling of personal information by public security and judicial organs.

关 键 词：个人信息权 隐私权 复合型模式 权力规制 两法衔接 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学] D922.16[政治法律—法学]