汉麻纤维脱胶技术研究进展  

Research progress on degumming technology of hemp fibers

作　　者：王亚非 吴韶华 陈韶娟[1] 丁洪亮 冯震 王亭忠 WANG Yafei;WU Shaohua;CHEN Shaojuan;DING Hongliang;FENG Zhen;WANG Tingzhong(College of Textile&Clothing,Qingdao University,Qingdao 266071,China;Weihai Hantai Hemp FiberTechnology Limited Company,Weihai 264200,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学纺织服装学院,青岛266071 [2]威海汉泰汉麻纤维科技有限公司,山东威海264200

出　　处：《丝绸》2024年第8期70-79,共10页Journal of Silk

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2020QE087)。

摘　　要：汉麻纤维是近年来备受关注的具有较高比刚度和强度的天然纤维,其韧皮纤维具有生物可降解性,且在汽车工业、结构复合材料、制浆和纺织等领域具有广阔的应用前景。文章对汉麻纤维的物理、化学、生物和综合脱胶工艺的优缺点,以及汉麻纤维脱胶工艺的最新研究进展进行了梳理和分析。研究认为:物理脱胶法适用于预处理及后处理;化学脱胶法需要与其他方法联合以减少环境污染及能源损耗,其是目前工业化脱胶最主要的手段;有机溶剂、电化学及微波法等新型脱胶方法尚处于探究阶段,很难应用于生产实践;生物脱胶法可有效降低能耗和环境污染,且对纤维的损伤小,具有广阔的发展前景。Hemp,a type of natural lignocellulosic fiber,exhibits high tensile strength,specific modulus,favorable biodegradability,inherent antimicrobial properties,and dermatological comfort,rendering it a pivotal source of cellulose fibers in the realms of biocomposite materials,automotive engineering,and textile manufacturing.Nonetheless,prior to the transformation of hemp into high-value fiber,it necessitates meticulous degumming to segregate cellulose from non-cellulosic constituents.Degumming methodologies in China encompass predominantly chemical,physical,and biological approaches;yet,in view of considerations pertaining to cost-effectiveness,degumming efficiency,and environmental impact,a hybridized approach is commonly adopted.This amalgamated methodology is steered towards eco-friendliness,environmental conservation,and resource efficiency.Degumming constitutes the inaugural procedure in hemp fiber extraction,with its quality being pivotal for fiber isolation,thereby significantly influencing subsequent processing and product attributes,including fiber spinnability,yarn characteristics,final product quality,and serviceability.Early-stage degumming of hemp primarily relied on biological methods,encompassing pond retting,stack fermentation,and green stem desiccation.However,due to prolonged degumming durations,inconsistent outcomes,susceptibility to environmental and anthropogenic influences,and challenges associated with industrial scalability,biological degumming methods encountered limitations.Consequently,chemical,physical,and hybridized degumming methodologies emerged,substantially enhancing degumming control and efficiency.Chemical degumming,the most prevalent approach,offers outstanding degumming efficacy and rapid processing.Alkali treatment represents the predominant chemical degumming technique,while organic solvent degumming facilitates recycling advantages.Ongoing scientific and technological advancements have spurred the proliferation of diverse chemical degumming methods,including electrolysis-induced

关 键 词：汉麻纤维 脱胶工艺 化学脱胶 生物脱胶 联合脱胶 绿色脱胶 

分 类 号：TS123[轻工技术与工程—纺织材料与纺织品设计]