破解农业转移人口市民化困境新思路——与就业人口挂钩的“兑地法”探索  

A New Idea to Solve the Dilemma of Citizenization of Agricultural Transfer Population——Exploring the“Land Exchange Method”Linked to the Employed Population

作　　者：林辉 钟腾 Lin Hui;Zhong Teng(School of Economics,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433;University of International Business and Economics,Beijing 100029)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学经济学院,上海200433 [2]对外经济贸易大学中国金融学院,北京100029

出　　处：《开放导报》2024年第4期103-112,共10页China Opening Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(72073031);国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目(72121002);对外经济贸易大学优秀青年学者资助项目(21YQ13)。

摘　　要：加快农业转移人口市民化,是推进新型城镇化战略、促进区域协调发展的重要举措。研究发现,农地私有化或同地同权仅对大城市近郊农民有利,无助于解决广大农村问题,资本下乡则未能提高农业生产效率,反而出现利用城乡建设用地增减挂钩套利、挤占农民补贴、基层组织异化、农民失地的困境。基于此,可考虑以就业人口为主的兑地法破解农业转移人口市民化困境新思路:一个城市的发展如果能够吸纳较多的就业人口,那么该人口在农村相应的农地、宅基地等,即挂钩到就业城市指标中,就业城市以此指标按比例获得工商业、住宅等建设用地指标。由于就业城市能够获得较多的土地出让收入,从中抽取少许资金即可安置相应的就业人口,安置完成后,该就业人口对应的农村农地、宅基地等实物可在原户籍地流转给留在当地居住且有集体身份的专业农户,发展50亩以下的小型家庭农场。该方法可以优化劳动力和土地的资源配置,提升生产效率和增加消费,且在社会过渡上也会较为平稳,相比农地私有化或同地同权与资本下乡,更切合国家需要。Accelerating the urbanization of rural-urban migrants is an important measure to promote the new urbanization strategy and facilitate regional coordinated development.Research has found that farmland privatization or equal rights for the same land only benefits farmers in the suburbs of large cities and does not help solve the problems in vast rural areas.The influx of capital into rural areas has failed to improve agricultural production efficiency,but instead has led to the exploitation of the linkage between the increase and decrease of urban and rural construction land for arbitrage,crowding out farmers’subsidies,the alienation of grassroots organizations,and the loss of farmers’land.Based on this,the land exchange method,which focuses on the employed population,can be considered as a new way of thinking about the urbanization of rural-urban migrants:If a city’s development can absorb a large number of employed people,the corresponding farmland and homesteads of these people in rural areas can be linked to the indicators of the employment city,and the employment city can obtain industrial,commercial,and residential construction land indicators in proportion to these indicators.Since the employment city can obtain more land transfer income,a small amount of funds can be extracted to resettle the corresponding employed population.After the resettlement is completed,the rural farmland and homesteads corresponding to the employed population can be transferred to professional farmers who reside locally and have a collective identity,to develop small family farms of less than 50 acres.This approach can optimize the allocation of labor and land resources,improve production efficiency and increase consumption,and will also be relatively smooth in terms of social transition.Compared with farmland privatization,equal rights for the same land,and the influx of capital into rural areas,this approach is more in line with national needs.

关 键 词：城乡 人口 挂钩 兑地法 社会稳定 

分 类 号：F320.2[经济管理—产业经济]