磷尾矿工艺矿物学特征与资源化利用可行性分析  

Process Mineralogy of Phosphorus Tailings and Feasibility Analysis of Resource Utilization

作　　者：郭永杰 李江丽[1,2] 李海兵 陈赐云 杜令攀[1,2] 范培强 徐帅[1,2] 董继发 GUO Yongjie;LI Jiangli;LI Haibing;CHEN Ciyun;DU Lingpan;FAN Peiqiang;XU Shuai;DONG Jifa(National Engineering Research Center for Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization,Kunming 650113,China;Yunnan Phosphating Group Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650113,China)

机构地区：[1]国家磷资源开发利用工程技术研究中心,昆明650113 [2]云南磷化集团有限公司,昆明650113

出　　处：《有色金属（选矿部分）》2024年第7期30-37,共8页Nonferrous Metals（Mineral Processing Section）

基　　金：云南省磷尾矿梯级高效综合利用创新团队项目(202305AS350006)。

摘　　要：为充分了解磷尾矿的矿石性质,为磷尾矿的资源化利用提供技术思路,利用MLA、偏光显微镜、电子扫描显微镜(SEM)、粒度分析仪,研究云南某磷尾矿的矿物组成、主要矿物颗粒和有害杂质的赋存状态、嵌布特征、共生关系和粒度分布等矿物学特征。结果表明,磷尾矿粒度较细,作为土壤调理剂,或提供钙、镁源作为生产含镁或含钙物质的原料时,具有粒度较细,无需研磨的优势,但不利于充填体强度的增加;磷尾矿中含有大量的钙、镁、磷等中量元素,同时重金属含量均低于肥料中有毒有害物质的限量要求(GB384002019);有害杂质As和Pb在磷尾矿中的粒度分布具有两边高、中间低的趋势,可以考虑分级的方式脱除富集As和Pb的粒级;磷尾矿中的磷灰石含量较少,且单体解离度低,难以通过浮选分离;磷尾矿中重金属Pb主要赋存于方铅矿和白铅矿中,分配率分别为74.68%和25.32%,方铅矿和白铅矿单体解离度高,绝大部分为单体颗粒,有利于分离;重金属砷赋存于褐铁矿中,褐铁矿单体解离率极低(33.79%),不利于矿石脱砷。试验通过工艺矿物学研究,分析了磷尾矿的矿物学特征与其资源化利用的关系,并提出有害杂质脱除的最优方法,对磷尾矿的资源化利用具有重要意义。In order to fully unerstand the ore properties of phosphorus tailings and provide technical ideas for the resource utilization of phosphorus tailings,the mineralogical characteristics such as mineral composition,occurrence state of main mineral particles and harmful impurities,distribution characteristics,association relationship and particle size distribution of a phosphorus tailings sample in Yunnan were studied by using MLA,polarizing microscope,electron scanning microscope(SEM)and particle size analyzer.The results show that the phosphorus tailings have the advantage of fine particle size and no need to grind when they are used as soil conditioner or as raw materials for producing magnesiumcontaining or calcium-containing materials.However,it is not conducive to the increase of backfill strength.Phosphorus tailings contain a large number of medium elements such as calcium,magnesium and phosphorus,while the heavy metal content is lower than the limit requirements of toxic and harmful substances in fertilizers(GB 38400--2019).The particle size distribution of the harmful impurities As and Pb in phosphorus tailings is high on both sides and low in the middle.The particles of enriched As and Pb can be removed by means of classification.The content of apatite in phosphorus tailings is small and the degree of mineral liberation is low,which is difficult to separate by flotation.The heavy metal Pb in phosphorus tailings mainly occurs in galena and white lead,the distribution rates are 74.68%and 25.32%,respectively.Galena and white lead have high degree of liberation,and most of them are free particles,which is conducive to separation.Arsenic occurs in limonite,and the degree of the limonite liberation is very low(33.79%),which is not good for the removal of arsenic from ore.Through the study of process mineralogy,the relationship between mineralogy of phosphorus tailings and its resource utilization was analyzed,and the optimal method of removing harmful impurities was proposed,which is of great significance for the

关 键 词：磷尾矿 工艺矿物学 资源化利用 重金属脱除 土壤改良 

分 类 号：TD912[矿业工程—选矿]