黄铁矿和白云石浮选分离药剂研究进展  

Research Progress in the Flotation Reagents for Separation of Pyrite and Dolomite

作　　者：赵海平 刘志伟 胡学平 高立强 于梓丰 董丙旭 熊晶晶 牛晓鹏 谭巧义[3,5] 阮仁满[3,5] ZHAO Haiping;LIU Zhiwei;HU Xueping;GAO Liqiang;YU Zifeng;DONG Bingxu;XIONG Jingjing;NIU Xiaopeng;TAN Qiaoy;RUAN Renman(Management Committee of Zhongguancun Science Park's Xicheng Park,Postdoctoral Programme,Norin Mining Limited Branch,Beijing 100053,China;Norin Mining Limited,Beijing 100053,China;CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering,Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Postdoctoral Research Station,Guosen Securities Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen 518001,China;National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中关村科技园区西城园管理委员会,博士后科研工作站,北方矿业有限责任公司分站,北京100053 [2]北方矿业有限责任公司,北京100053 [3]中国科学院过程工程研究所绿色过程与工程重点实验室,北京100190 [4]国信证券博士后工作站,深圳518000 [5]中国科学院战略金属资源绿色循环利用国家工程研究中心,北京100190

出　　处：《有色金属（选矿部分）》2024年第7期145-156,共12页Nonferrous Metals（Mineral Processing Section）

摘　　要：卡林型金矿中的金多以显微、次显微颗粒的形式赋存于黄铁矿中,同时,在卡林型金矿成矿过程中伴生的大量白云石与黄铁矿作用会恶化黄铁矿的浮选指标,因此,黄铁矿和白云石之间的相互作用是造成卡林型金矿浮选过程中Au回收率低的重要原因之一。机理研究显示:黄铁矿氧化过程中释放的Fe^(2+)能以Fe(OH)_(2)和FeCO_(3)的形式沉积在白云石表面,活化白云石的浮选,同时,黄铁矿氧化放出的酸促进了白云石的溶解,溶解产生的Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)能以CaOH^(+)和Mg(OH)_(2)的形式吸附在黄铁矿表面从而抑制黄铁矿的上浮,更重要的是,随着氧化程度的增加,黄铁矿和白云石表面会发生同质化效应,造成两者间的异相团聚,恶化矿物间的分选,最终降低卡林型金矿中Au的回收率。为了解决卡林型金矿浮选过程中药剂用量大、Au富集比低的分选难题,结合其浮选过程中黄铁矿和白云石间的交互作用恶化卡林型金矿分选的特征,对国内外现有研究中可能对黄铁矿和白云石分选具有促进作用的黄铁矿活化剂、白云石抑制剂、浮选增效剂、选择性捕收剂等药剂类型和作用机理进行了分析整理,并对各种药剂在实际矿石分选过程中的应用效果进行了对比,筛选出了能与不同浮选手段搭配使用的药剂制度。为将来实现通过药剂开发优化黄铁矿和白云石的分选,从而改善卡林型金矿浮选指标的目标,提供了有价值的参考。The majority of gold in carlin-type gold ores exists in the form of microscopic and submicroscopic particles,meanwhile,the associated dolomite during the mineralization process of Carlintype gold ores will deteroriate the flotation performance of pyrite.Therefore,the interactions between pyrite and dolomite is one of the most important reasons for the low Au recovery in the flotation of Carlintype gold ores.Previous studies show that the Fe^(2+) released by the pyrite oxidation can deposit on the dolomite surface in the formula of Fe(OH)_(2) and FeCO_(3),activating the dolomite flotation,while the released acid during the oxidation process promotes the dolomite dissolution,and a large amount of Ca^(2+) and Mg^(2+) can absorb on the pyrite surface in the formula of CaOH^(+) and Mg(OH)_(2),thus decreasing the pyrite recovery.Importantly,with the accumulation of oxidation degrees,the homogenization effect occurs between pyrite and dolomite surface,resulting in adhesion between them,worsening the separation performance of minerals,and ultimately decreasing the flotation recovery of gold in carlin-type gold ores.In order to solve the problem of large dosage of chemicals and low Au enrichment ratio of carlin-type gold ores,based on the interactions between pyrite and dolomite in the flotation process,the type and mechanisms of pyrite activators,dolomite inhibitors,flotation synergists and selective collectors that may promote the separation of pyrite and dolomite in the studies at home and abroad are analyzed and sorted out,the effects of various reagents in the real ores separation process are compared,and chemical systems that can be used together with different flotation means are selected.It provides a valuable reference for optimizing flotation index of carlin-type gold ores by realizing efficient separation of pyrite and dolomite through chemical development in the future.

关 键 词：卡林型金矿 黄铁矿 白云石 选择性药剂 分离 

分 类 号：TD952[矿业工程—选矿]