有机肥氮替代化肥氮对水稻产质量及土壤养分的影响  

Replacing Chemical N Fertilizer by Manure Improves the Yield and Quality of Rice and Soil Fertility

作　　者：曾鹏[1] 胡东升 罗熙哲 张浩东 黄梦娇 谢桂先[1,3] ZENG Peng;HU Dong-sheng;LUO Xi-zhe;ZHANG Hao-dong;HUANG Meng-jiao;XIE Gui-xian(College of Resources,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,PRC;Jingzhou County Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Jingzhou 418400,PRC;National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources,Changsha 410128,PRC)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学资源学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]靖州县农业农村局,湖南靖州418400 [3]土肥高效利用国家工程研究中心,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2024年第7期39-42,共4页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖南省绿色种养循环农业试点项目(湘农联[2021]50号)。

摘　　要：为了探讨有机肥氮替代化肥氮对水稻生长和土壤肥力的影响,设置不施肥(T1)、常规施肥(T2)、优化施肥(T3)、有机肥氮替代15%化肥氮(T4)、有机肥氮替代30%化肥氮(T5)、等氮条件下有机肥氮替代15%化肥氮(T6)及等氮条件下有机肥氮替代30%化肥氮(T7)共7个处理进行田间试验,研究有机肥氮替代化肥氮对水稻产量、产量构成、氮素利用效率、稻米品质以及土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明:与T3处理相比,有机肥氮替代化肥氮处理均显著增加水稻产量,其中以T7处理效果最好;T5和T7处理的水稻有效穗数比T3处理分别显著增加了10.9%和13.3%;与T3处理相比,T7处理的水稻偏生产力和氮肥农学效率均得到了显著增加;与T1处理相比,施肥处理均显著提高了水稻的整精米率,增加幅度为1.29~2.87个百分点;相比T3处理,T7可以显著增加8.3%的水稻蛋白质含量;同时,与T3处理相比,T7处理会增加土壤碱解氮和有效磷含量。综上,等氮条件下有机肥氮替代30%化肥氮是一种合理的施肥模式,适合推广应用。This study aims to investigate the effects of replacing chemical N fertilizer by manure on rice growth and soil fertility.Field experiments were carried out with seven treatments:no fertilizer(T1),conventional fertilizer(T2),optimized fertilizer(T3),manure replacing 15%chemical N fertilizer(T4),manure replacing 30%chemical N fertilizer(T5),manure replacing 15%chemical N fertilizer under isonitrogen conditions(T6),and manure replacing 30%chemical N fertilizer under isonitrogen conditions(T7).The rice yield,yield components,nitrogen use efficiency,rice quality,and soil physicochemical properties in each treatment were determined.The results showed that compared with T3,replacing chemical N fertilizer with manure significantly increased the rice yield,and T7 had the best effect.Compared with T3,T5 and T7 increased the effective panicle number by 10.9%and 13.3%,respectively.Compared with T3,T7 increased the partial factor productivity and agronomic nitrogen efficiency of rice.Compared with T1,other treatments increased the head rice rate by 1.29%-2.87%.Compared with T3,T7 increased the rice protein content by 8.3%and it meanwhile increased the available nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil.In conclusion,replacing 30%chemical N fertilizer with manure under isonitrogen conditions is a fertilization mode suitable for application and popularization.

关 键 词：有机肥氮替代化肥氮 化肥 水稻 产量 品质 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学]