碱性材料和有机物料对稻田土壤酸化改良及水稻产量的影响  

Alkaline Materials and Organic Materials Remediate Soil Acidification in Paddy Fields and Increase Rice Yield

作　　者：孙玉平 平先良 何小林 谢小芳 胡海兵 胡丹丹 刘道 孙耿[5] SUN Yu-ping;PING Xian-liang;HE Xiao-lin;XIE Xiao-fang;HU Hai-bing;HU Dan-dan;LIU Dao;SUN Geng(Fenyi County Modern Agricultural Service Center,Fenyi 336600,PRC;Jiangxi Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Nanchang 330046,PRC;Qianshan Town Office of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in Fenyi County,Fenyi 336600,PRC;Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil and Germplasm Resources,Nanchang 331717,PRC;Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Changsha 410125,PRC)

机构地区：[1]分宜县现代农业服务中心,江西分宜336600 [2]江西省农业技术推广中心,江西南昌330046 [3]分宜县钤山镇农业农村办公室,江西分宜336600 [4]江西省红壤及种质资源研究所,江西南昌331717 [5]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2024年第7期52-55,共4页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江西省重点研发计划“揭榜挂帅”项目(20223BBF61020)。

摘　　要：为了在酸化稻田的改良过程中,同步实现土壤降酸和土壤肥力提升的双目标,通过田间试验设置了常规施肥(CK)、CK+石灰(T1)、CK+猪粪(T2)、CK+微生物菌剂(T3)和CK+石灰+猪粪(T4)这5个处理,分析了土壤酸化指标、肥力指标和水稻产量及产量构成的变化特征。结果表明:与CK处理相比,T1和T4处理的土壤pH分别提高了0.24和0.33个pH单位,土壤交换性酸分别降低了16.8%和25.4%,土壤交换性铝含量分别降低了50.8%和75.4%;而T2处理的土壤交换性酸和交换性铝含量则比CK处理降低了19.3%和59.0%,但其土壤pH值与CK无显著差异。T4处理的土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和阳离子交换量分别比CK处理增加了9.2%、78.0%、21.8%、23.2%和52.9%,T1、T2和T3处理的土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和阳离子交换量则无显著变化,但是,T1、T2和T3处理的土壤速效钾则显著高于CK处理。在所有处理中,T2和T4处理的水稻产量较高,分别比CK处理增加了6.8%和8.4%,结合产量构成因子发现,猪粪及其与石灰联用主要通过改善结实率提升水稻产量。因此,在酸化稻田改良中,石灰和猪粪联用是协同实现土壤酸化改良和肥力及产能提升的合理措施。In the remediation of acidified paddy fields,it is important to reduce soil acid while improving soil fertility.In this study,field experiments were carried out with five treatments:conventional fertilization(CK),CK+lime(T1),CK+pig manure(T2),CK+microbial agent(T3),and CK+lime+pig manure(T4).The variations in soil acidification indicators,fertility indicators,rice yield,and yield components were analyzed.The results showed that compared with CK,T1 and T4 increased the soil pH by 0.24 and 0.33 while decreasing the exchangeable acid by 16.8%and 25.4%and exchangeable Al by 50.8%and 75.4%,respectively.T2 decreased the exchangeable acid and exchangeable Al by 19.3%and 59.0%,respectively,while it caused no significant variation in soil pH compared with CK.The soil organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,and cation exchange capacity in T4 were 9.2%,78.0%,21.8%,23.2%,and 52.9%,respectively,higher than those in CK.The soil organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,and cation exchange capacity in T1,T2,and T3 showed no significant differences from those in CK,while the soil available potassium in T1,T2,and T3 were significantly higher than that in CK.Among all treatments,T2 and T4 had higher rice yields,which increased by 6.8%and 8.4%,respectively,compared with that in CK.Furthermore,the analysis of yield components showed that pig manure and pig manure+lime increased rice yield mainly by improving the seed-setting rate.Therefore,the combined use of lime and pig manure was a reasonable measure for remediating soil acidification and improving soil fertility and production capacity in acidified paddy fields.

关 键 词：酸化稻田 石灰和猪粪联用 有机物料 土壤改良 水稻产量 

分 类 号：S147.5[农业科学—肥料学]